Contribution of smooth muscle to arterial wall mechanics
Tóm tắt
The contribution of vascular smooth muscle to the mechanical properties of arteries can be quantitated using elastomeric and classical muscle concepts. Such analyses can be performed using pressure-diameter data obtained from a given specimen under conditions of active and passive muscle. The elastomeric approach represents arterial wall mechanics in terms of incremental elastic moduli and theoretical characteristic impedance, Z0. Activation of muscle produces a reduction in values of incremental modulus at almost all values of transmural pressure. Values of Z0 are increased at low pressure and decreased at high pressure following activation of muscle. In the muscle approach, the mechanics of arteries are quantitated in terms of active stress development and constriction responses as a function of muscle length and pressure, respectively. Active stress-muscle lenght and shortening-load relations obtained from arterial smooth muscle are qualitatively similar to those of other types of muscles. The length and load dependencies of these relations are what one would expect based on a sliding filament arrangement of contractile filaments.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Milnor, W. R.: Arterial impedance as ventricular afterload. Circulation Res.36, 565–570 (1975).
Abboud, F. M.: Control of the various components of the peripheral vasculature. Fed. Proc.31, 1226–1239 (1972).
Kirchheim, H. R.: Systemic arterial baroreceptor reflexes. Physiol. Rev.56, 100–176 (1976).
Speden, R. N.: The maintenance of arterial constriction at different transmural pressures. J. Physiol.229, 361–381 (1973).
Dobrin, P. B., A. A. Rovick: Influence of vascular smooth muscle on contractile mechanics and elasticity of arteries. Am. J. Physiol.217, 1644–1651 (1969).
Berry, C. L., S. E. Greenwald, J. F. Rivett: Static mechanical properties of the developing and mature rat norta. Cardiovascular Res.9, 669–678 (1975).
Busse, R., R. D. Bauer, Y. Summa, H. Körner, Th. Pasch: Comparison of the visco-elastic properties of the tail artery in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. Pflügers Arch.364, 175–181 (1976).
Cox, R. H.: Effects of age on the mechanical properties of rat carotid artery. Am. J. Physiol.233, H256-H263 (1977).
Cox, R. H., A. W. Jones, M. L. Swain: Mechanics and electrolyte composition of arterial smooth muscle in developing dogs. Am. J. Physiol.231, 77–83 (1976).
Cox, R. H.: Arterial wall mechanics and composition and the effects of smooth muscle activation. Am. J. Physiol.229, 807–812 (1975).
Cox, R. H.: Comparison of carotid artery mechanics in the rat, rabbit, and dog. Am. J. Physiol.234, H280-H288 (1978).
Cox, R. H.: Regional variation of series elasticity in canine arterial smooth muscles. Am. J. Physiol.234, H542-H551 (1978).
Dobrin, P. B.: Isometric and isobaric contraction of carotid arterial smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol.225, 659–663 (1973).
Dobrin, P. B.: Vascular muscle series elastic element stiffness during isometric contraction. Circulation Res.34, 242–250 (1974).
Cox, R. H.: Determination of series elasticity in arterial smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol.233, H248-H255 (1977).
Cox, R. H.: Three-dimensional mechanics of arterial segments in vitro: methods. J. Applied Physiol.36, 381–384 (1974).
Cox, R. H.: Effects of norepinephrine on mechanics of arteries in vitro. Am. J. Physiol.231, 420–425 (1976).
Johansson, B.: Mechanics of vascular smooth muscle contraction. Experientia31, 1377–1476 (1975).
Murphy, R. A.: Contractile system function in mammalian smooth muscle. Blood Vessels13, 1–23 (1976).
Speden, R. N.: Muscle load and constriction of the rabbit ear artery. J. Physiol.248, 531–553 (1975).
Cox, R. H.: Arterial wall mechanics and composition in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Fed. Proc.37, 349 (1978).
Cox, R. H.: Alterations in active and passive mechanics of rat carotid artery associated with experimental hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. (1978). Submitted for publication.
Cox, R. H.: Influence of muscle length on series elasticity in arterial smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol.234, C146-C154 (1978).
Dobrin, P., T. Canfield: Identification of smooth muscle series elastic component in intact carotid artery. Am. J. Physiol.232, H122-H130 (1977).
Pease, D. C., S. Molinari: Electron microscopy of muscular arteries; Pial vessels of the cat and monkey. J. Ultrastructure Res.3, 447–468 (1960).
Cliff, W. J.: The aortic tunica media in aging rats. Experimental and Molecular Pathology13, 172–189 (1970).
Cox, R. H.: The mechanism of force transduction between vascular smooth muscle cells. In, Third Int. Symp. Vascular Neuroeffector Mechanisms, Eds.J. A. Bevan, et al. (Basel 1979).