Contribution of neuroinflammation and immunity to brain aging and the mitigating effects of physical and cognitive interventions
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ahlskog, 2011, Physical exercise as a preventive or disease-modifying treatment of dementia and brain aging, Mayo Clin. Proc., 86, 876, 10.4065/mcp.2011.0252
Aid, 2007, Mouse and rat BDNF gene structure and expression revisited, J. Neurosci. Res., 85, 525, 10.1002/jnr.21139
Aimone, 2014, Regulation and function of adult neurogenesis: from genes to cognition, Physiol. Rev., 94, 991, 10.1152/physrev.00004.2014
Alboni, 2015, Editorial: cytokines as players of neuronal plasticity and sensitivity to environment in healthy and pathological brain, Front. Cell. Neurosci., 9, 508
Aloisi, 2000, Regulation of T-cell responses by CNS antigen-presenting cells: different roles for microglia and astrocytes, Immunol. Today, 21, 141, 10.1016/S0167-5699(99)01512-1
Anthony, 1997, Age-related effects of interleukin-1 beta on polymorphonuclear neutrophil-dependent increases in blood-brain barrier permeability in rats, Brain, 120, 435, 10.1093/brain/120.3.435
Arnold, 2011, Gain and loss of T cell subsets in old age–age-related reshaping of the T cell repertoire, J. Clin. Immunol., 31, 137, 10.1007/s10875-010-9499-x
Au, 2016, Estrogens, inflammation and cognition, Front. Neuroendocrinol., 40, 87, 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.01.002
Auffray, 2007, Monitoring of blood vessels and tissues by a population of monocytes with patrolling behavior, Science, 317, 666, 10.1126/science.1142883
Auffray, 2009, CX3CR1+ CD115+ CD135+ common macrophage/DC precursors and the role of CX3CR1 in their response to inflammation, J. Exp. Med., 206, 595, 10.1084/jem.20081385
Bains, 2007, Glia: they make your memories stick!, Trends Neurosci., 30, 417, 10.1016/j.tins.2007.06.007
Bamidis, 2014, A review of physical and cognitive interventions in aging, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 44, 206, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.019
Banks, 2015, The blood-brain barrier in neuroimmunology: tales of separation and assimilation, Brain Behav. Immun., 44, 1, 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.08.007
Barrientos, 2011, Little exercise, big effects: reversing aging and infection-induced memory deficits, and underlying processes, J. Neurosci., 31, 11578, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2266-11.2011
Barrientos, 2012, Aging-related changes in neuroimmune-endocrine function: implications for hippocampal-dependent cognition, Horm. Behav., 62, 219, 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.010
Barrientos, 2015, Neuroinflammation in the normal aging hippocampus, Neuroscience, 309, 84, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.007
Baruch, 2013, CNS-specific T cells shape brain function via the choroid plexus, Brain Behav. Immun., 34, 11, 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.04.002
Baune, 2008, Association between genetic variants of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha cytokines and cognitive performance in the elderly general population of the MEMO-study, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33, 68, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.10.002
Beattie, 2002, Control of synaptic strength by glial TNFalpha, Science, 295, 2282, 10.1126/science.1067859
Beery, 2011, Sex bias in neuroscience and biomedical research, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 35, 565, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.002
Ben-Smith, 2008, Differences between naive and memory T cell phenotype in Malawian and UK adolescents: a role for Cytomegalovirus?, BMC Infect. Dis., 8, 139, 10.1186/1471-2334-8-139
Bennett, 2012, Inflammation and reactivation of latent herpesviruses in older adults, Brain Behav. Immun., 26, 739, 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.11.007
Berry, 2010, Greater resistance to inflammation at adulthood could contribute to extended life span of p66(Shc-/-) mice, Exp. Gerontol., 45, 343, 10.1016/j.exger.2010.01.010
Berry, 2015, Decreased Bdnf expression and reduced social behavior in periadolescent rats following prenatal stress, Dev. Psychobiol., 57, 365, 10.1002/dev.21297
Beurel, 2014, Astrocytes modulate the polarization of CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells, PLoS One, 9, e86257, 10.1371/journal.pone.0086257
Bherer, 2015, Cognitive plasticity in older adults: effects of cognitive training and physical exercise, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1337, 1, 10.1111/nyas.12682
Bisht, 2016, Dark microglia: a new phenotype predominantly associated with pathological states, Glia, 64, 826, 10.1002/glia.22966
Bramham, 2005, BDNF function in adult synaptic plasticity: the synaptic consolidation hypothesis, Prog. Neurobiol., 76, 99, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.06.003
Brynskikh, 2008, Adaptive immunity affects learning behavior in mice, Brain Behav. Immun., 22, 861, 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.008
Burch, 2014, What could computerized brain training learn from evidence-based medicine?, PLoS Med., 11, e1001758, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001758
Burdette, 2010, Using network science to evaluate exercise-associated brain changes in older adults, Front Aging Neurosci., 2, 23
Calabrese, 2014, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a bridge between inflammation and neuroplasticity, Front. Cell. Neurosci., 8, 430, 10.3389/fncel.2014.00430
Campbell, 2004, Inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and environmental exposures, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1035, 117, 10.1196/annals.1332.008
Capoccia, 2013, Quality and timing of stressors differentially impact on brain plasticity and neuroendocrine-immune function in mice, Neural Plast., 2013, 971817, 10.1155/2013/971817
Carvalho, 2014, Physical activity and cognitive function in individuals over 60 years of age: a systematic review, Clin. Interv. Aging, 9, 661
Chapman, 2012, Aging and infection reduce expression of specific brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNAs in hippocampus, Neurobiol. Aging, 33, e831
Chen, 2016, Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (Review), Mol. Med. Rep., 13, 3391, 10.3892/mmr.2016.4948
Cheng, 2012, The effects of multi-domain versus single-domain cognitive training in non-demented older people: a randomized controlled trial, BMC Med., 10, 30, 10.1186/1741-7015-10-30
Chennaoui, 2015, Effects of exercise on brain and peripheral inflammatory biomarkers induced by total sleep deprivation in rats, J. Inflamm. (Lond.), 12, 56, 10.1186/s12950-015-0102-3
Colcombe, 2003, Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study, Psychol. Sci., 14, 125, 10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01430
Colcombe, 2006, Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans, J. Gerontol. A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 61, 1166, 10.1093/gerona/61.11.1166
Cotman, 2002, Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity, Trends Neurosci., 25, 295, 10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02143-4
Düzel, 2016, Can physical exercise in old age improve memory and hippocampal function?, Brain, 139, 662, 10.1093/brain/awv407
Da Mesquita, 2016, Insights on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: the crosstalk between amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune system, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 68, 547, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.014
Deak, 2012, Aging, synaptic dysfunction, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 67, 611, 10.1093/gerona/gls118
Deleidi, 2015, Immune aging, dysmetabolism, and inflammation in neurological diseases, Front. Neurosci., 9, 172, 10.3389/fnins.2015.00172
Derecki, 2010, Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4, J. Exp. Med., 207, 1067, 10.1084/jem.20091419
Di Benedetto, 2015, Impact of age, sex and CMV-infection on peripheral T cell phenotypes: results from the Berlin BASE-II Study, Biogerontology, 16, 631, 10.1007/s10522-015-9563-2
Di Filippo, 2013, Effects of central and peripheral inflammation on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, Neurobiol. Dis., 52, 229, 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.009
Dik, 2003, Early life physical activity and cognition at old age, J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol., 25, 643, 10.1076/jcen.25.5.643.14583
Dishman, 2006, Neurobiology of exercise, Obesity, 14, 345, 10.1038/oby.2006.46
Doty, 2015, The role of the immune system in neurodegenerative disorders: adaptive or maladaptive?, Brain Res., 1617, 155, 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.008
Dunn, 1992, Endotoxin-induced activation of cerebral catecholamine and serotonin metabolism: comparison with interleukin-1, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 261, 964
Elenkov, 2005, Cytokine dysregulation, inflammation and well-being, Neuroimmunomodulation, 12, 255, 10.1159/000087104
Ellwardt, 2016, Understanding the role of T cells in CNS homeostasis, Trends Immunol., 37, 154, 10.1016/j.it.2015.12.008
Engelhardt, 2016, Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central nervous system, Acta Neuropathol., 132, 317, 10.1007/s00401-016-1606-5
Engvig, 2010, Effects of memory training on cortical thickness in the elderly, Neuroimage, 52, 1667, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.041
Erickson, 2011, Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 108, 3017, 10.1073/pnas.1015950108
Erickson, 2014, Physical activity, fitness, and gray matter volume, Neurobiol. Aging, 35, S20, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.034
Eskes, 2010, Contribution of physical fitness, cerebrovascular reserve and cognitive stimulation to cognitive function in post-menopausal women, Front Aging Neurosci., 2, 137, 10.3389/fnagi.2010.00137
Eyre, 2012, Neuroimmunological effects of physical exercise in depression, Brain Behav. Immun., 26, 251, 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.09.015
Fabre, 2002, Improvement of cognitive function by mental and/or individualized aerobic training in healthy elderly subjects, Int. J. Sports Med., 23, 415, 10.1055/s-2002-33735
Feigenson, 2014, Inflammation and the two-hit hypothesis of schizophrenia, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 38, 72, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.006
Ferencz, 2014, The benefits of staying active in old age: physical activity counteracts the negative influence of PICALM, BIN1, and CLU risk alleles on episodic memory functioning, Psychol. Aging, 29, 440, 10.1037/a0035465
Fiatarone Singh, 2014, The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial, J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc., 15, 873, 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010
Fissler, 2013, Novelty interventions to enhance broad cognitive abilities and prevent dementia: synergistic approaches for the facilitation of positive plastic change, Prog. Brain Res., 207, 403, 10.1016/B978-0-444-63327-9.00017-5
Franceschi, 2014, Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases, J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 69, S4, 10.1093/gerona/glu057
Franceschi, 2000, Inflamm-aging: an evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 908, 244, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x
Franceschi, 2007, Inflammaging and anti-inflammaging: a systemic perspective on aging and longevity emerged from studies in humans, Mech. Ageing Dev., 128, 92, 10.1016/j.mad.2006.11.016
Geda, 2012, Computer activities physical exercise, aging, and mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study, Mayo Clin. Proc., 87, 437, 10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.12.020
Gemechu, 2012, T cell recruitment in the brain during normal aging, Front. Cell. Neurosci., 6, 38, 10.3389/fncel.2012.00038
Giunta, 2008, Inflammaging as a prodrome to Alzheimer's disease, J. Neuroinflammation, 5, 51, 10.1186/1742-2094-5-51
Goldeck, 2016, Peripheral immune signatures in alzheimer disease, Curr. Alzheimer Res., 13, 739, 10.2174/1567205013666160222112444
Goshen, 2009, Interleukin-1 (IL-1): a central regulator of stress responses, Front. Neuroendocrinol., 30, 30, 10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.10.001
Goshen, 2008, Brain interleukin-1 mediates chronic stress-induced depression in mice via adrenocortical activation and hippocampal neurogenesis suppression, Mol. Psychiatry, 13, 717, 10.1038/sj.mp.4002055
Guan, 2006, Peripheral immune activation by lipopolysaccharide decreases neurotrophins in the cortex and hippocampus in rats, Brain Behav. Immun., 20, 64, 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.04.005
Gutierrez, 1993, Murine tumor necrosis factor alpha is transported from blood to brain in the mouse, J. Neuroimmunol., 47, 169, 10.1016/0165-5728(93)90027-V
Gutierrez, 1994, Blood-borne interleukin-1 receptor antagonist crosses the blood-brain barrier, J. Neuroimmunol., 55, 153, 10.1016/0165-5728(94)90005-1
Hansel, 2010, Inflammation as a psychophysiological biomarker in chronic psychosocial stress, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 35, 115, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.12.012
Hansen, 1998, Vagotomy blocks the induction of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA in the brain of rats in response to systemic IL-1beta, J. Neurosci., 18, 2247, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-06-02247.1998
Hansen, 2000, Effects of vagotomy on lipopolysaccharide-induced brain interleukin-1beta protein in rats, Auton. Neurosci., 85, 119, 10.1016/S1566-0702(00)00230-7
Hanson, 2014, Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology?, Physiol. Rev., 94, 1027, 10.1152/physrev.00029.2013
Harrison, 2016, Brain structures implicated in inflammation-associated depression, Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci., 10.1007/7854_2016_30
Hasegawa-Ishii, 2016, Endotoxemia-induced cytokine-mediated responses of hippocampal astrocytes transmitted by cells of the brain-immune interface, Sci. Rep., 6, 25457, 10.1038/srep25457
Hearps, 2012, Aging is associated with chronic innate immune activation and dysregulation of monocyte phenotype and function, Aging Cell, 11, 867, 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00851.x
Hefendehl, 2014, Homeostatic and injury-induced microglia behavior in the aging brain, Aging Cell, 13, 60, 10.1111/acel.12149
Hickey, 2000, P selectin, pioneer cells and the path to inflammation, Brain, 123, 1073, 10.1093/brain/123.6.1073
Holvoet, 2012, Stress in obesity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, Scientifica (Cairo), 2012, 205027
Hotting, 2013, Beneficial effects of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and cognition, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 37, 2243, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.005
Iozzo, 2014, Developmental ORIgins of Healthy and Unhealthy AgeiNg: the role of maternal obesity—introduction to DORIAN, Obes Facts, 7, 130, 10.1159/000362656
Johnson, 2014, A population biological approach to understanding the maintenance and loss of the T-cell repertoire during aging, Immunology, 142, 167, 10.1111/imm.12244
Jones, 2015, How dependent is synaptic plasticity on microglial phenotype?, Neuropharmacology, 96, 3, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.08.012
Kempermann, 2002, Neuroplasticity in old age: sustained fivefold induction of hippocampal neurogenesis by long-term environmental enrichment, Ann. Neurol., 52, 135, 10.1002/ana.10262
Kempermann, 2010, Why and how physical activity promotes experience-induced brain plasticity, Front. Neurosci., 4, 189, 10.3389/fnins.2010.00189
Khairova, 2009, A potential role for pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulating synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder, Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 12, 561, 10.1017/S1461145709009924
Kim, 2010, Treadmill exercise prevents aging-induced failure of memory through an increase in neurogenesis and suppression of apoptosis in rat hippocampus, Exp. Gerontol., 45, 357, 10.1016/j.exger.2010.02.005
Kipnis, 2004, T cell deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction: implications for therapeutic vaccination for schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 101, 8180, 10.1073/pnas.0402268101
Kipnis, 2012, Pro-cognitive properties of T cells, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 12, 663, 10.1038/nri3280
Kirk-Sanchez, 2014, Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: current perspectives, Clin. Interv. Aging, 9, 51
Kohman, 2012, Wheel running attenuates microglia proliferation and increases expression of a proneurogenic phenotype in the hippocampus of aged mice, Brain Behav. Immun., 26, 803, 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.10.006
Kraft, 2012, Cognitive function, physical activity, and aging: possible biological links and implications for multimodal interventions, Neuropsychol. Dev. Cogn. Sect. B: Aging Neuropsychol. Cogn., 19, 248, 10.1080/13825585.2011.645010
Kumar, 2012, Influence of late-life exposure to environmental enrichment or exercise on hippocampal function and CA1 senescent physiology, Neurobiol. Aging, 33, e1, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.023
Lövdén, 2013, Structural brain plasticity in adult learning and development, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 37, 2296, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.014
Laws, 2016, Sex differences in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease, World J. Psychiatry, 6, 54, 10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.54
Leckie, 2014, BDNF mediates improvements in executive function following a 1-year exercise intervention, Front. Hum. Neurosci., 8, 985, 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00985
Leiter, 2016, A common language: how neuroimmunological cross talk regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis, Stem Cells Int., 2016, 1681590, 10.1155/2016/1681590
Leza, 2015, Inflammation in schizophrenia: a question of balance, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 55, 612, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.014
Lindenberger, 2014, Human cognitive aging: corriger la fortune?, Science, 346, 572, 10.1126/science.1254403
Litteljohn, 2014, IFN-gamma differentially modulates memory-related processes under basal and chronic stressor conditions, Front. Cell. Neurosci., 8, 391, 10.3389/fncel.2014.00391
Louveau, 2015, Revisiting the mechanisms of CNS immune privilege, Trends Immunol., 36, 569, 10.1016/j.it.2015.08.006
Lu, 2005, The yin and yang of neurotrophin action, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 6, 603, 10.1038/nrn1726
Lustig, 2009, Aging, training, and the brain: a review and future directions, Neuropsychol. Rev., 19, 504, 10.1007/s11065-009-9119-9
Müller, 2014, Aging and immunity—impact of behavioral intervention, Brain Behav. Immun., 39, 8, 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.015
Müller, 2015, As we age: does slippage of quality control in the immune system lead to collateral damage?, Ageing Res. Rev., 23, 116, 10.1016/j.arr.2015.01.005
Müller, 2013, Immunosenescence in vertebrates and invertebrates, Immun. Ageing: I & A, 10, 12, 10.1186/1742-4933-10-12
Maass, 2015, Vascular hippocampal plasticity after aerobic exercise in older adults, Mol. Psychiatry, 20, 585, 10.1038/mp.2014.114
Maier, 1998, The role of the vagus nerve in cytokine-to-brain communication, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 840, 289, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09569.x
Majka, 2009, Physical activity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis, Am. J. Prev. Med., 36, 56, 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.031
Malaguarnera, 2010, The role of immunity in elderly cancer, Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol., 74, 40, 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.06.002
Minter, 2016, Deletion of the type-1 interferon receptor in APPSWE/PS1DeltaE9 mice preserves cognitive function and alters glial phenotype, Acta Neuropathol. Commun., 4, 72, 10.1186/s40478-016-0341-4
Moylan, 2013, Exercising the worry away: how inflammation, oxidative and nitrogen stress mediates the beneficial effect of physical activity on anxiety disorder symptoms and behaviours, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 37, 573, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.003
Na, 2014, The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the neuroinflammation and neurogenesis of schizophrenia, Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry., 48, 277, 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.022
Naylor, 2005, The influence of age on T cell generation and TCR diversity, J. Immunol., 174, 7446, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.7446
Ngandu, 2015, A 2year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 385, 2255, 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5
Nimmerjahn, 2005, Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo, Science, 308, 1314, 10.1126/science.1110647
Norden, 2015, Microglial priming and enhanced reactivity to secondary insult in aging, and traumatic CNS injury, and neurodegenerative disease, Neuropharmacology, 96, 29, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.028
Norton, 2014, Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease: an analysis of population-based data, Lancet Neurol., 13, 788, 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70136-X
Nunes, 2013, The shared role of oxidative stress and inflammation in major depressive disorder and nicotine dependence, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 37, 1336, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.014
Oswald, 2006, Differential effects of single versus combined cognitive and physical training with older adults: the SimA study in a 5-year perspective, Eur. J. Ageing, 3, 10.1007/s10433-006-0035-z
Ownby, 2010, Neuroinflammation and cognitive aging, Curr. Psychiatry Rep., 12, 39, 10.1007/s11920-009-0082-1
Papenberg, 2016, Physical activity and inflammation: effects on gray-matter volume and cognitive decline in aging, Hum. Brain Mapp., 10.1002/hbm.23252
Patterson, 2015, Immune dysregulation and cognitive vulnerability in the aging brain: interactions of microglia, IL-1beta, BDNF and synaptic plasticity, Neuropharmacology, 96, 11, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.020
Pawelec, 2011, Role of CMV in immune senescence, Virus Res., 157, 175, 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.09.010
Pawelec, 2010, Senescence of the human immune system, J. Comp. Pathol., 142, S39, 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.09.005
Pedersen, 2000, Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation, Physiol. Rev., 80, 1055, 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1055
Pedersen, 2011, Exercise-induced myokines and their role in chronic diseases, Brain Behav. Immun., 25, 811, 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.02.010
Petersen, 2005, The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise, J. Appl. Physiol., 98, 1154, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
Phillips, 2014, Neuroprotective effects of physical activity on the brain: a closer look at trophic factor signaling, Front. Cell. Neurosci., 8, 170, 10.3389/fncel.2014.00170
Pizza, 2011, Neuroinflammation and ageing: current theories and an overview of the data, Rev. Recent Clin. Trials, 6, 189, 10.2174/157488711796575577
Plata-Salaman, 1991, Immunoregulators in the nervous system, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 15, 185, 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80001-6
Podewils, 2005, Physical activity, APOE genotype, and dementia risk: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study, Am. J. Epidemiol., 161, 639, 10.1093/aje/kwi092
Prakash, 2015, Physical activity and cognitive vitality, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 66, 769, 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015249
Prinz, 2011, Heterogeneity of CNS myeloid cells and their roles in neurodegeneration, Nat. Neurosci., 14, 1227, 10.1038/nn.2923
Qi, 2014, Diversity and clonal selection in the human T-cell repertoire, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 111, 13139, 10.1073/pnas.1409155111
Qi, 2014, Mechanisms shaping the naive T cell repertoire in the elderly—thymic involution or peripheral homeostatic proliferation?, Exp. Gerontol., 54, 71, 10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.005
Quan, 2007, Brain-immune communication pathways, Brain Behav. Immun., 21, 727, 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.05.005
Raper, 2016, How do meningeal lymphatic vessels drain the CNS?, Trends Neurosci., 39, 581, 10.1016/j.tins.2016.07.001
Ritzel, 2016, Age-associated resident memory CD8T cells in the central nervous system are primed to potentiate inflammation after ischemic brain injury, J. Immunol., 196, 3318, 10.4049/jimmunol.1502021
Ron-Harel, 2011, Brain homeostasis is maintained by danger signals stimulating a supportive immune response within the brain's borders, Brain Behav. Immun., 25, 1036, 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.12.011
Salam, 2013, T cell ageing: effects of age on development, survival & function, Indian J. Med. Res., 138, 595
Scheinert, 2015, Some hormone, cytokine and chemokine levels that change across lifespan vary by cognitive status in male Fischer 344 rats, Brain Behav. Immun., 49, 216, 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.005
Schmiedek, 2010, Hundred days of cognitive training enhance broad cognitive abilities in adulthood: findings from the COGITO study, Front. Aging Neurosci., 2
Schnydrig, 2007, Peripheral lipopolysaccharide administration transiently affects expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, corticotropin and proopiomelanocortin in mouse brain, Neurosci. Lett., 429, 69, 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.09.067
Shechter, 2009, Infiltrating blood-derived macrophages are vital cells playing an anti-inflammatory role in recovery from spinal cord injury in mice, PLoS Med., 6, e1000113, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000113
Shechter, 2013, Orchestrated leukocyte recruitment to immune-privileged sites: absolute barriers versus educational gates, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 13, 206, 10.1038/nri3391
Silverman, 2014, Biological mechanisms underlying the role of physical fitness in health and resilience, Interface Focus, 4, 20140040, 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0040
Simpson, 2016, Aging and inflammation: directing traffic through physical activity, Brain Behav. Immun., 56, 10, 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.015
Singhal, 2014, Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation in the brain through environmental enrichment, Front. Cell. Neurosci., 8, 97, 10.3389/fncel.2014.00097
Snigdha, 2014, Exercise enhances memory consolidation in the aging brain, Front. Aging Neurosci., 6, 3, 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00003
Sparkman, 2008, Neuroinflammation associated with aging sensitizes the brain to the effects of infection or stress, Neuroimmunomodulation, 15, 323, 10.1159/000156474
Speisman, 2013, Daily exercise improves memory, stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis and modulates immune and neuroimmune cytokines in aging rats, Brain Behav. Immun., 28, 25, 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.013
Speisman, 2013, Environmental enrichment restores neurogenesis and rapid acquisition in aged rats, Neurobiol. Aging, 34, 263, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.05.023
Stellwagen, 2006, Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-alpha, Nature, 440, 1054, 10.1038/nature04671
Stolp, 2013, Immune responses at brain barriers and implications for brain development and neurological function in later life, Front. Integr. Neurosci., 7, 61, 10.3389/fnint.2013.00061
Swardfager, 2016, Mapping inflammation onto mood: inflammatory mediators of anhedonia, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 64, 148, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.017
Szuhany, 2015, A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, J. Psychiatr. Res., 60, 56, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.10.003
Tansey, 2010, Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: its role in neuronal death and implications for therapeutic intervention, Neurobiol. Dis., 37, 510, 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.004
Tansey, 2010, Inflammation in neuropsychiatric disease, Neurobiol. Dis., 37, 491, 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.12.004
Tay, 2016, Microglia across the lifespan: from origin to function in brain development, plasticity and cognition, J. Physiol.
Timmerman, 2008, Exercise training-induced lowering of inflammatory (CD14+CD16+) monocytes: a role in the anti-inflammatory influence of exercise, J. Leukoc. Biol., 84, 1271, 10.1189/jlb.0408244
Tolppanen, 2015, Leisure-time physical activity from mid- to late life, body mass index, and risk of dementia, Alzheimer's Demen., 11, 434, 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.01.008
Tumati, 2016, Association between cognition and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in middle-aged & older men: an 8 year follow-up study, PLoS One, 11, e0154450, 10.1371/journal.pone.0154450
Turner, 2016, Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime dose of exercise?, Biogerontology, 17, 581, 10.1007/s10522-016-9642-z
Varma, 2015, Low-intensity daily walking activity is associated with hippocampal volume in older adults, Hippocampus, 25, 605, 10.1002/hipo.22397
Vaupel, 2003, Aging. It's never too late Science, 301, 1679
Vegeto, 2008, Estrogen anti-inflammatory activity in brain: a therapeutic opportunity for menopause and neurodegenerative diseases, Front. Neuroendocrinol., 29, 507, 10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.04.001
Veiga-Fernandes, 2016, Neuro-immune interactions at barrier surfaces, Cell, 165, 801, 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.041
Vescovini, 2014, Naive and memory CD8T cell pool homeostasis in advanced aging: impact of age and of antigen-specific responses to cytomegalovirus, Age (Dordr), 36, 625, 10.1007/s11357-013-9594-z
Villeda, 2011, The ageing systemic milieu negatively regulates neurogenesis and cognitive function, Nature, 477, 90, 10.1038/nature10357
Wekerle, 2006, Breaking ignorance: the case of the brain, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 305, 25
Willis, 2006, Long-term effects of cognitive training on everyday functional outcomes in older adults, JAMA, 296, 2805, 10.1001/jama.296.23.2805
Wilson, 2002, Cytokines and cognition?the case for a head-to-toe inflammatory paradigm, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 50, 2041, 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50619.x
Wirth, 2014, Neuroprotective pathways: lifestyle activity, brain pathology, and cognition in cognitively normal older adults, Neurobiol. Aging, 35, 1873, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.015
Wistuba-Hamprecht, 2015, Peripheral blood T-cell signatures from high-resolution immune phenotyping of gammadelta and alphabeta T-cells in younger and older subjects in the Berlin Aging Study II, Immun. Ageing: I & A, 12, 25, 10.1186/s12979-015-0052-x
Wohleb, 2016, Dynamic cross-talk between microglia and peripheral monocytes underlies stress-induced neuroinflammation and behavioral consequences, Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.04.013
Wolf, 2009, CD4-positive T lymphocytes provide a neuroimmunological link in the control of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, J. Immunol., 182, 3979, 10.4049/jimmunol.0801218
Xie, 2015, Cerebral regulatory T cells restrain microglia/macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses via IL-10, Eur. J. Immunol., 45, 180, 10.1002/eji.201444823
Yaffe, 2001, A prospective study of physical activity and cognitive decline in elderly women: women who walk, Arch. Intern. Med., 161, 1703, 10.1001/archinte.161.14.1703
Yau, 2011, Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: a possible way how physical exercise counteracts stress, Cell Transplant., 20, 99, 10.3727/096368910X532846
Yau, 2015, Involvement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in learning and forgetting, Neural Plast., 2015, 717958, 10.1155/2015/717958
Ye, 1999, Increased interleukin-6 expression by microglia from brain of aged mice, J. Neuroimmunol., 93, 139, 10.1016/S0165-5728(98)00217-3
Yirmiya, 2011, Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis, Brain Behav. Immun., 25, 181, 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.015
Zagni, 2016, Sex and gender differences in central nervous system-related disorders, Neurosci. J., 2016, 2827090, 10.1155/2016/2827090
Ziv, 2006, Immune cells contribute to the maintenance of neurogenesis and spatial learning abilities in adulthood, Nat. Neurosci., 9, 268, 10.1038/nn1629
de Pablo-Bernal, 2016, Monocyte phenotype and polyfunctionality are associated with elevated soluble inflammatory markers, cytomegalovirus infection, and functional and cognitive decline in elderly adults, J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 71, 610, 10.1093/gerona/glv121
von Bernhardi, 2010, Aging-dependent changes of microglial cells and their relevance for neurodegenerative disorders, J. Neurochem., 112, 1099, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06537.x
