Contractile role of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in gastrointestinal, airway and urinary bladder smooth muscle

Bolton, 1979, Mechanisms of action of transmitters and other substances on smooth muscle, Physiol. Rev., 59, 606, 10.1152/physrev.1979.59.3.606 Bolton, 1997, Activation of M2 muscarinic receptors in guinea-pig ileum opens cationic channels modulated by M3 muscarinic receptors, Life Sci., 60, 1121, 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00056-8 Candell, 1990, Differential coupling of subtypes of the muscarinic receptor to adenylate cyclase and phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the longitudinal muscle of the rat ileum, Mol. Pharmacol., 38, 689 Cantoni, 1946, On the response of the intestine to smooth muscle stimulants, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 87, 392 Carl, 1995, Role of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels in electrical activity of longitudinal and circular muscle layers of canine colon, Amer. J. Physiol., 268, C619, 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.268.3.C619 Choo, 1985, Failure of gallamine and pancuronium to inhibit selectively (−)- [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in guinea-pig atria, Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 63, 200, 10.1139/y85-038 Choo, 1988, Binding studies on two functional cardioselective antimuscarinic compounds, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40, 288, 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1988.tb05247.x Cole, 1989, Muscarinic suppression of Ca2+-dependent K current in colonic smooth muscle, Amer. J. Physiol., 257, C481, 10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.3.C481 Dale, 1958, An inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on the response of the guinea-pig ileum to histamine, Brit. J. Pharmacol., 13, 17 Eglen, 1996, Muscarinic receptor subtypes and smooth muscle function, Pharmacol. Rev., 48, 531 Eglen, 1996, Functional interactions between muscarinic M2 receptors and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)4 and β3-adrenoceptors in isolated oesophageal muscularis mucosae of the rat, Brit. J. Pharmacol., 119, 595, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15714.x Ehlert, 2003, Pharmacological analysis of the contractile role of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in smooth muscle, Receptors and Channels, 9, 261, 10.1080/10606820308265 Ehlert, 2001, Acetylcholine-induced desensitization of muscarinic contractile response in guinea pig ileum is inhibited by pertussis toxin treatment, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 299, 1126 Ehlert, 1999, Contractile role of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in gastrointestinal smooth muscle, Life Sci., 64, 387, 10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00584-0 Ehlert, 1995, Functional role of M2 muscarinic receptors in the guinea pig ileum, Life Sci., 56, 965, 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00035-Q Ehlert, 1997, Muscarinic receptors and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, 92 Giraldo, 1987, Muscarinic receptor heterogeneity in guinea pig intestinal smooth muscle: binding studies with AF-DX 116, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 141, 475, 10.1016/0014-2999(87)90568-1 Goyal, 1978, Neurohumoral, hormonal, and drug receptors for the lower esophageal sphincter, Gastroenterol., 74, 598, 10.1016/0016-5085(78)90304-9 Griffin, 1992, Specific inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation by M2 muscarinic receptors in rat intestinal smooth muscle, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 263, 221 Griffin, 2003, Muscarinic agonist-mediated heterologous desensitization in isolated ileum requires activation of both muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 10.1124/jpet.103.055327 Hegde, 1997, Functional role of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in the urinary bladder of rats in vitro and in vivo, Brit. J. Pharmacol., 120, 1409, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701048 Heppner, 1997, Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels regulate action potential repolarization in urinary bladder smooth muscle, Am J Physiol, 273, C110, 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.1.C110 Hishinuma, 1992, Mechanisms of self- and cross-desensitization in smooth muscle, Jpn J Pharmacol, 58, 361, 10.1016/S0021-5198(19)60022-3 Hishinuma, 1988, Short-term desensitization of guinea-pig taenia caecum induced by carbachol occurs at intracellular Ca stores and that by histamine at H1- receptors, Br J Pharmacol, 94, 882, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11600.x Hishinuma, 1989, Short-term desensitization of phosphatidylinositol turnover via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and histamine H1-receptors in smooth muscle, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 162, 733, 10.1016/0006-291X(89)92371-1 Inoue, 1991, Ion channels involved in responses to muscarinic receptor activation in smooth muscle, 81 Inoue, 1990, Acetylcholine activates nonselective cation channels in guinea pig ileum through a G protein, Amer. J. Physiol., 258, C1173, 10.1152/ajpcell.1990.258.6.C1173 Inoue, 1990, Intracellular calcium ions modulate acetylcholine-induced inward current in guinea-pig ileum, J. Physiol., 424, 73, 10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp018056 Knispel, 1992, Nitric oxide mediates relaxation in rabbit and human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle, Urol. Res., 20, 253, 10.1007/BF00300254 Kotlikoff, 1992, Muscarinic regulation of membrane ion channels in airway smooth muscle cells, Biochem. Pharmacol., 43, 5, 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90652-Y Kume, 1992, Stimulatory and inhibitory regulation of calcium-activated potassium channels by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89, 11051, 10.1073/pnas.89.22.11051 Lai, 1991, The m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are coupled to multiple signaling pathways via pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 258, 938 Lazareno, 1989, Functional and binding studies with muscarinic M2-subtype selective antagonists, Br J Pharmacol, 98, 309, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb16896.x Matsui, 2003, Increased relaxant action of forskolin and isoproterenol against muscarinic agonist-induced contractions in smooth muscle from M2 receptor knockout mice, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 106, 10.1124/jpet.102.044701 Matsui, 2002, Mice lacking M2 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are devoid of cholinergic smooth muscle contractions but still viable, J. Neurosci., 22, 10627, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10627.2002 Matsui, 2000, Multiple functional defects in peripheral autonomic organs in mice lacking muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene for the M3 subtype, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97, 9579, 10.1073/pnas.97.17.9579 Michel, 1987, Direct binding studies on ileal and cardiac muscarinic receptors, Brit. J. Pharmacol., 92, 755, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1987.tb11379.x Michel, 1988, Methoctramine reveals heterogeneity of M2 muscarinic receptors in longitudinal ileal smooth muscle membranes, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 145, 305, 10.1016/0014-2999(88)90434-7 Noronha-Blob, 1989, Muscarinic receptors: relationships among phosphoinositide breakdown, adenylate cyclase inhibition, in vitro detrusor muscle contractions and in vivo cystometrogram studies in guinea pig bladder, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 249, 843 Ostrom, 1998, M2 muscarinic receptors inhibit forskolin- but not isoproterenol-mediated relaxation in bovine tracheal smooth muscle, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 286, 234 Ostrom, 1999, Comparison of functional antagonism between isoproterenol and M2 muscarinic receptors in guinea pig ileum and trachea, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 288, 969 Pacaud, 1991, Relation between muscarinic receptor cationic current and internal calcium in guinea-pig jejunal smooth muscle cells, J. Physiol., 441, 477, 10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018763 Paton, 1961, A theory of drug action based on the rate of drug-receptor combination, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 154, 21, 10.1098/rspb.1961.0020 Peralta, 1988, Differential regulation of PI hydrolysis and adenylyl cyclase by muscarinic receptor subtypes, Nature, 334, 434, 10.1038/334434a0 Reddy, 1995, Characterization of the interaction between muscarinic M2 receptors and beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in guinea-pig isolated ileum, Brit. J. Pharmacol., 114, 49, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb14904.x Roffel, 1988, Muscarinic M2 receptors in bovine tracheal smooth muscle: discrepancies between binding and function, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 153, 73, 10.1016/0014-2999(88)90589-4 Roffel, 1990, Characterization of the muscarinic receptor subtype involved in phosphoinositide metabolism in bovine tracheal smooth muscle, Brit. J. Pharmacol., 99, 293, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14697.x Roffel, 1993, Muscarinic M2 receptors do not participate in the functional antagonism between methacholine and isoprenaline in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 249, 235, 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90438-N Roffel, 1995, No evidence for a role of muscarinic M2 receptors in functional antagonism in bovine trachea, Brit. J. Pharmacol., 115, 665, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb14984.x Saenz de Tejada, 1988, Cholinergic neurotransmission in human corpus cavernosum. I. Responses of isolated tissue, Amer. J. Physiol., 254, H459 Sawyer, 1998, Contractile role of the M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in the guinea pig colon, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 284, 269 Sawyer, 1999, Muscarinic M3 receptor inactivation reveals a pertussis toxin-sensitive contractile response in the guinea pig colon, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 289, 464 Shehnaz, 2001, Acetylcholine-induced desensitization of the contractile response to histamine in guinea pig ileum is prevented by either pertussis toxin-treatment or by selective inactivation of muscarinic M3 receptors, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 297, 1152 Stengel, 2000, M(2) and M(4) receptor knockout mice: muscarinic receptor function in cardiac and smooth muscle in vitro, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 292, 877 Stengel, 2002, M(3)-receptor knockout mice: muscarinic receptor function in atria, stomach fundus, urinary bladder, and trachea, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 282, R1443, 10.1152/ajpregu.00486.2001 Tachado, 1994, M3 muscarinic receptors mediate an increase in both inositol trisphosphate production and cyclic AMP formation in dog iris sphincter smooth muscle, J. Ocular Pharmacol., 10, 137, 10.1089/jop.1994.10.137 Thomas, 1993, Functional role for the M2 muscarinic receptor in smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum, Mol. Pharmacol., 44, 102 Thomas, 1994, Pertussis toxin blocks M2 muscarinic receptor-mediated effects on contraction and cyclic AMP in the guinea pig ileum, but not M3-mediated contractions and phosphoinositide hydrolysis, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 271, 1042 Thomas, 1996, Involvement of the M2 muscarinic receptor in contractions of the guinea pig trachea, guinea pig esophagus and rat fundus, Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 779, 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02396-8 Unno, 1995, Inhibitory effect of muscarinic receptor activation on Ca2+ channel current in smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig ileum, J. Physiol., 484, 567, 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020687 Wade, 1993, Muscarinic stimulation of tracheal smooth muscle cells activates large-conductance Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channel, Amer. J. Physiol., 265, C658, 10.1152/ajpcell.1993.265.3.C658 Watson, 1995, Role of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors in guinea-pig trachea: effects of receptor alkylation, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 278, 195, 10.1016/0014-2999(95)00121-Z Yang, 1990, Muscarinic receptor expression in the primary culture of tracheal smooth muscle cells, J. Recep. Res., 10, 235, 10.3109/10799899009064668 Yang, 1991, Characterization of muscarinic receptors in dog tracheal smooth muscle cells, J. Auton. Pharmacol., 11, 51, 10.1111/j.1474-8673.1991.tb00244.x Yang, 1991, Muscarinic receptor subtypes coupled to generation of different second messengers in isolated tracheal smooth muscle cells, Brit. J. Pharmacol., 104, 613, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12478.x Zhang, 1991, Muscarinic receptors in canine colonic circular smooth muscle. II. Signal transduction pathways, Mol. Pharmacol., 40, 952 Zhang, 1991, Muscarinic receptors in canine colonic circular smooth muscle. I. Coexistence of M2 and M3 subtypes, Mol. Pharmacol., 40, 943