Continuity and change in subsistence harvests in five Bering Sea communities: Akutan, Emmonak, Savoonga, St. Paul, and Togiak

James A. Fall1, Nicole S. Braem2, Caroline L. Brown2, Lisa B. Hutchinson-Scarbrough1, David S. Koster1, Theodore M. Krieg3
1Division of Subsistence, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, AK 99518, USA
2Division of Subsistence, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99701, USA
3Division of Subsistence, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, PO Box 1030, Dillingham, AK 99576, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ahmasuk, A., Trigg, E., 2007. A Comprehensive Subsistence Use Study of the Bering Strait Region. A Report to the North Pacific Research Board. Kawerak, Inc. Nome, Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), 2012. Community Subsistence Information System. 〈http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/sb/CSIS/〉 (Accessed 24.2.12). Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development (ADLWD), 2012a. Demographic profile for Akutan city. Research and Analysis Section. 〈http://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/cen/dp.cfm〉 (Accessed 24/2/12). Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development (ADLWD), 2012b. Consumer Price Index Inflation and Deflation Calculators. 〈http://labor.alaska.gov/research/cpi/inflationcalc.htm〉. (Accessed February 2012) Alaska Federation of Natives, 1993. Guidelines for research. 〈http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/iks/afnguide.html/〉 (Accessed 24.2.12). Benter, B., December 7 2011. Personal communication regarding subsistence harvests of walruses at Savoonga, Alaska. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammal Marking and Tagging Program, Anchorage, Alaska. Berkes, 2001, Adapting to climate change: social–ecological resilience in a Canadian Western Arctic community, Conserv. Ecol., 5, 18, 10.5751/ES-00342-050218 Cochran, 1977 Coffing, M., Scott, C.L., Utermohle, C.J., 1998. The subsistence harvests of seals and sea lions by Alaska Natives in three communities of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, 1997–98. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Division of Subsistence Technical Paper no. 255, Juneau. Coffing, M., Scott, C.L., Utermohle, C.J., 1999. The subsistence harvests of seals and sea lions by Alaska Natives in three communities of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, 1998–99. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Division of Subsistence Technical Paper no. 257, Juneau. Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission (CFEC), 2012. Fishery Statistics—Participation and Earnings. 〈www.cfec.state.ak.us〉. Dumond, 1984, Prehistory of the Bering Sea Region, vol. 5, 94 Fall, 1990, The division of subsistence of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game: an overview of its research program and findings: 1980–1990, Arctic Anthropology, 27, 68 Fall, J.A., Koster, D., 2012. Subsistence Harvests of Pacific Halibut in Alaska, 2010. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Division of Subsistence Technical Paper no. 367, Juneau. Fall, J.A., Brown, C.L., Braem, N.S., Hutchinson-Scarbrough, L.B., Koster, D.S., Krieg, T.M., Slayton, L., 2012. Subsistence Harvests and Use in Three Bering Sea Communities, 2008: Akutan, Emmonak, and Togiak. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Division of Subsistence Technical Paper no. 371, Juneau. Fienup-Riordan, 2012 Fienup-Riordan, 2013, The value of ethnography in times of change: the story of Emmonak, Deep-Sea Res. II,, 94, 301, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.005 Hopkins, K., September 29 2011. Seafood Processor Agrees to $2.5 Million Pollution Fine. Anchorage Daily News. Hunn, 2010 Huntington, 2013, Local and traditional knowledge regarding the Bering Sea ecosystem: selected results from five indigenous communities, Deep-Sea Res. II,, 94, 323, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.025 Jacobson, S. A. 1984. Yup'ik Eskimo Dictionary. Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska. Fairbanks. Lestenkof, P.M., Zavadil, P.A., Zacharof, S.M., Melovidov, E.M., 2011. Subsistence Harvest Monitoring Results from 1999 to 2010 and Local and Traditional Knowledge Interview Results for St. Paul, Alaska. A Report to the North Pacific Research Board. Aleut Community of St. Paul Island, Alaska. Tribal Government Ecosystem Conservation Office. Moerlein K., C. Carothers. 2012. Total environmental change: impacts of climate change and social transition on subsistence fisheries in northwest Alaska. Ecology and Society 17(1):10. Moncrieff, C., Brown, C., Sill, L., 2009. Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim sustainable salmon initiative project final product: natural indicators of salmon run abundance and timing, Yukon River. Anchorage, AK: Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association, Fairbanks, Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Division of Subsistence. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2008. Marine Mammals: Subsistence Taking of Northern Fur Seals. Harvest Estimates. Federal Register, vol. 73, no. 107, Tuesday, June 3, 2008.Proposed Rules. 〈http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2008-06-03/pdf/E8-12323〉.pdf (Accessed 24.2.12). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Thursday, February 9 2012. Marine Mammals: Subsistence Taking of Northern Fur Seals. Harvest Estimates. Federal Register, vol. 77, no. 27. Rules and Regulations. 〈http://www.fakr.noaa.gov/frules/77fr6682.pdf〉 (Accessed 24.2.12). National Science Foundation, 2012. Principles for the Conduct of Research in the Arctic. Prepared by the Interagency Social Science Task Force, Office of Polar Programs. 〈http://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/arctic/conduct.jsp〉 (Accessed 24.2.12). North Pacific Research Board, 2005. Science Plan. North Pacific Research Board: Anchorage. North Pacific Research Board, 2008. Understanding Ecosystem Processes in the Bering Sea: Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program. Anchorage: North Pacific Research Board. Bering Sea Project Program Office. North Pacific Research Board, 2012. Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP): Hypotheses. 〈http://bsierp.nprb.org/focal/hypotheses.html〉 (Accessed 24.2.12). Perry, 2010, Unit 18 Moose Management Report. Moose Management Report of Survey and Inventory Activities 1 July 2007–30 July 2009, 271 Stabeno, 2012, Comparison of warm and cold years on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf and some implications for the ecosystem, Deep-Sea Res. II, 65–70, 31, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.020 Stabeno, 2012, A comparison of the Physics of the northern and southern shelves of the eastern Bering Sea and some implications for the ecosystem, Deep-Sea Res. II, 65–70, 14, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.019 Tahbone, S.T., Trigg, E.W., 2011. 2009 Comprehensive Harvest Survey, Savoonga, Alaska. A Report to the North Pacific Research Board, Kawerak, Inc. Nome, Alaska. United States Census Bureau. 2011. The 2011 Statistical Abstract. Health and Nutrition: Food Consumption and Nutrition. Table 212 and Table 213. 〈http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/health_nutrition/food_consumption_and_nutrition.html〉 (Accessed 10.9.11). United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. 〈http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/PolicyDoc/PolicyDoc.pdf〉 (Accessed 2.24.12). Wolfe, R.J., 1981. Norton Sound/Yukon Delta Sociocultural Systems Baseline Analysis. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Division of Subsistence Technical Paper no. 59, Juneau. Wolfe, R.J., Gross, J.J., Langdon, S.J., Wright, J.M, Sherrod, G.K., L.J. Ellanna, V. Sumida, and P.J. Usher. 1984. Subsistence-Based Economies in Coastal Communities of Southwest Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Technical Paper no. 89, Juneau. Wolfe, R.J., Fall, J.A., Riedel, M.. 2009. The subsistence harvest of harbor seals and sea lions by Alaska Natives in 2008. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Division of Subsistence Technical Paper no. 347, Juneau. Wolfe, R.J., Scott, C.L, Simeone, W.E., Utermohle, C.J., Pete, M.D., 2010. The “Super-Household” in Alaska Native Subsistence Economies. Final Report to the National Science Foundation. ARC 0352611