Content and dynamics of the human antibody variable region repertoire to the Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide

Springer Seminars in Immunopathology - Tập 15 - Trang 119-137 - 1993
Donald C. Reason1, Alexander H. Lucas1
1Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, USA

Tóm tắt

Investigations into the immunobiology of Haemophilus infections were initiated with the goal of developing vaccines that would protect those at risk from disease. This goal has, for the most part, been achieved. The genetic basis of the anti-Hib PS antibody repertoire has been defined; most of the serum antibodies derive from two VH genes and seven VL genes. Some of the V region dynamics have been described, but the mechanisms underlying these dynamic changes are still poorly understood. It will be interesting to determine whether the characteristics of the Hib PS repertoire, such as limited V region diversity and age dependence, have counterparts in the human immune responses to other clinically important carbohydrate antigens. Future research in this field will need to address the cellular basis for the antibody response to polysaccharides and the mechanisms controlling the germ-line and somatic evolution of V regions.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Adderson EA, Shackelford PG, Quinn A, Carroll WL (1991) Restricted Ig H chain V gene usage in the human antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. J Immunol 147:1667 Adderson EA, Johnston JM, Shackelford PG, Quinn A, Carroll WL (1992) Development of the human antibody repertoire. Pediatr Res 32:257 Adderson EA, Shackelford PG, Insel RA, Quinn A, Wilson PM, Carroll WL (1992) Immunoglobulin light chain variable region gene sequences for human antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide are dominated by a limited number of V χ and V λ segments and VJ combinations. J Clin Invest 89:729 Akolkar PN, Sikder SK, Bhattcharya SB, Liao J, Gruezo F, Morrison SL, Kabat EA (1987) Different VL and VH germ-line genes are used to produce similar combining sites with specificity for α(1–6) dextrans. J Immunol 138:4472 Alt FW, Blackwell TK, Yancopoulos GD (1987) Development of the primary antibody repertoire. Science 238:1079 Ambrosino DM, Greif V, Thompson C, Siber GR (1990) χ and λ light chain composition of antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. J Infect Dis 161:922 Amir J, Liang X, Granoff DM (1990) Variability in the functional activity of vaccine-induced antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Pediatr Res 27:358 Benjamin C, Miller A, Sercarz EE, Harvey MA (1980) A predominant idiotype on antigen egg white lysozyme antibodies from diverse mouse strains. J Immunol 125:1017 Berek C, Milstein C (1988) The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol Rev 105:5 Bona C (1987) Regulatory idiotypes. Wiley, New York Boswell CM, Irwin DC, Goognight J, Stein KE (1992) Strain-dependent restricted VH and VL usage by anti-bacterial levan monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol 148:3864 Briles DE, Forman C, Hudak S, Claflin JL (1982) Anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies of the T15 idiotype are optimally protective against Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Exp Med 156:1177 Carroll WL, Adderson EE, Quinn A, Shackelford PG (1992) Immunoglobulin variable region gene expression in response to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. J Infect Dis 165:S57 Carson DA, Chen PP, Kipps TJ (1991) New roles for rheumatoid factor. J Clin Invest 87:379 Casali P, Notkins AL (1989) Probing the human B cell repertoire with EBV: polyreactive antibodies and CD5+ B lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 7:513 Chen PP, Albrandt K, Kipps TJ, Radoux V, Liu F-T, Carson DA (1987) Isolation and characterization of human VχIII light chain diversity. J Immunol 139:1727 Cohn M (1986) Idiotype network views of immune regulation: for whom the bell tolls. In: Reichlin M, Capra JD (eds) Idiotypes. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 321–399 Collet TA, Roben P, O'Kennedy R, Barbas CF, Burton DR, Lerner RA (1992) A binary plasmid system for shuffling combinatorial antibody libraries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:10026 Coutinho A, Forni L, Holmberg D, Ivars F (1983) Is the network theory tautologic? In: Möller E, Möller G (eds) Genetics of the immune response. Plenum Press, New York, pp 273–286 Czerkinsky C, Prince SJ, Michalek SM, Jackson S, Russell MW, Moldoveanu Z, McGhee JR, Mestecky J (1987) IgA antibody-producing cells in peripheral blood after antigen ingestion: evidence for a common mucosal immune system in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:2449 Decker MD, Edwards KM, Bradley R, Palmer P (1992) Comparative trial in infants of four Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. J Pediatr 121:187 Dersimonian H, Schwartz RS, Barrett KJ, Stollar BD (1987) Relationship of human variable region heavy chain germ-line genes to genes encoding anti-DNA autoantibodies. J Immunol 139:2496 Donnelly JJ, Deck RR, Liu MA (1990) Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae by polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine. J Immunol 145:3071 Elliot M, Kearney JF (1992) Idiotypic regulation of development of the B-cell repertoire. Ann NY Acad Sci 651:336 Forster I, Rajewsky K (1987) Expansion and functional activity of Ly-1+ B cells upon transfer of peritoneal cells into allotype-congenic, newborn mice. Eur J Immunol 17:521 Granoff DM, Anderson EL, Osterholm MT, Holmes SJ, McHugh JE, Belshe RB, Medley F, Murphy TV (1992) Differences in the immunogenicity of three Haemophilus influenzae type by conjugate vaccines in infants. J Pediatr 121:187 Granoff DM, Rathore MH, Holmes SJ, Granoff PD, Lucas AH (1993) Effect of immunity to the carrier protein on antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. Vaccine 11:S44 Granoff DM, Shackelford PG, Holmes SJ, The Collaborative Vaccine Study Group, Lucas AH (1993) Variable region expression in the antibody responses of infants vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae type by polysaccharide-protein conjugates: description of a new λ light chain-associated idiotype and the relation between idiotype expression, avidity and vaccine formulation. J Clin Invest 91:788 Griffiths GM, Berek C, Kaartinen M, Milstein C (1984) Somatic mutation and the maturation of immune response to 2-phenyl oxazolone. Nature 312:271 Holmberg D, Forsgren S, Forni L, Iyars F, Coutinho A (1984) Reactions among IgM antibodies derived from normal neonatal mice. Eur J Immunol 14:435 Holmberg D, Andersson A, Carlsson L, Forsgren S (1989) Establishment and functional implications of B-cell connectivity. Immunol Rev 110:89 Holmes SJ, Lucas AH, Osterholm MT, Froeschle JE, Granoff DM, The Collaborative Study Group (1991) Immunoglobulin deficiency and idiotype expression in children developing Haemophilus influenzae type b disease after vaccination with conjugate vaccine. JAMA 266:1960 Insel RA, Anderson P, Pichichero ME, Schuster S, Amstey MD, Ekborg G, Smith DH (1982) Anticapsular antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b. In: Sell SH, Wright PE (eds) Haemophilus influenzae, epidemiology, immunology, and prevention of disease. Elsevier, New York, pp 155–168 Insel RA, Kittelberger A, Anderson P (1985) Isoelectric focusing of human antibody to the Haemophilus influenzae b capsular polysaccharide: restricted and identical spectrotypes in adults. J Immunol 135:2810 Jefferies LC, Silverman GJ, Carchidi CM, Silberstein LE (1992) Idiotypic heterogeneity of VχIII autoantibodies to red blood cell antigens. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 65:119 Jeske DJ, Jarvis J, Milstein C, Capra JD (1984) Junctional diversity is essential to antibody activity. J Immunol 133:1090 Klinman NR, Linton P-L (1988) The clonotypic repertoire of B cell subpopulations. Adv Immunol 42:1 Köhler H (1984) The immune network revisited. In: Köhler H, Urbain J, Cazenave P-Á (eds) Idiotypy in biology and medicine. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 3–42 Kreth HW, Williamson AR (1973) The extent of diversity in inbred mice: anti NP (2-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitro-phenacetyl) antibodies in CBA/H mice. Eur J Immunol 3:142 Lenoir AA, Granoff PD, Granoff DM (1987) Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine in 2- to 6-month old infants. Pediatrics 80:283 Liu MA, Friedman A, Oliff AI, Thai J, Martinez D, Deck RR, Shieh JCT, Jenkins TD, Donnelly JJ, Hawe LA (1992) A vaccine carrier derived from Neisseria meningitidis with mitogenic activity for lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:4633 Lucas A (1988) Expression of crossreactive idiotypes by human antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae B. J Clin Invest 81:480 Lucas AH, Granoff DM (1990) A major cross-reactive idiotype associated with human antibodies to the Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide: expression in relation to age and immunoglobulin G subclass. J Clin Invest 85:1158 Lucas AH, Langley RJ, Granoff DM, Nahm MH, Kitamura MY, Scott MG (1991) An idiotypic marker associated with a germ-line encoded χ light chain variable region that predominates the vaccine-induced human antibody response to the Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide. J Clin Invest 88:1811 Lucas AH, Azmi FH, Mink CM, Granoff DM (1993) Age-dependent variable expression in the human antibody response to the Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. J Immunol 150:2056 Lue C, Tarkowski A, Metsecky J (1988) Systemic immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine induces a predominant IgA2 response of peripheral blood lymphocytes and increases of both serum and secretory anti-pneumococcal antibodies. J Immunol 140:3793 Madore DV, Johnson CL, Phipps DC, Pennridge Pediatric Association, Popjoy LA, Eby R, Smith DH (1990) Safety and immunologic response to Haemophilus influenzae b oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine in 1- to 6-month old infants. Pediatrics 85:331 Mageed A, Walker MR, Jefferis R (1986) Restricted light chain subgroup expression on human rheumatoid factor paraproteins determined by monoclonal antibodies. Immunology 59:473 Marasco WA, Bagley J, Zani C, Posner M, Cavacini L, Haseltine WA, Sodroski J (1992) Characterization of the cDNA of a broadley reactive neutralizing human anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody. J Clin Invest 90:1467 Marburg S, Jorn D, Tolman RL, Arison B, McCauley J, Kniskern PJ, Hagopian A, Vella PP (1986) Biomolecular chemistry of macromolecules: synthesis of bacterial polysaccharide conjugate with Neisseria meningitidis membrane protein. J Am Chem Soc 108:5282 Masmoudi H, Mota-Santos T, Huetz F, Coutinho A, Cazenave P-Á (1990) All T15 Id-positive antibodies (but not the majority of VHT15+ antibodies) are produced by peritoneal CD5+ B lymphocytes. Int Immunol 2:515 Newkirk MM (1992) Complete amino acid sequence of the variable regions of two highly related heavy and light chains of human IgG (SFL) and IgM (RIV) rheumatoid factors. Scan J Immunol 35:651 Newkirk MM, Gram H, Heinrich GF, Österburg L, Capra JD, Wasserman RL (1988) Complete protein sequences of the variable region of the cloned heavy and light chains of human anti-cytomegalovirus antibody reveal a striking similarity to human monoclonal rheumatoid factors of the Wa idiotypic family. J Clin Invest 81:1511 Nicoletti C, Borghesi-Nicoletti C, Yang X, Schulze DH, Cerny J (1991) Repertoire diversity of antibody response to bacterial antigens in aged mice. II. Phosporylcholine antibody in young mice and aged mice differ in both VH/VL gene repertoire and in specificity. J Immunol 147:2750 Parhami-Serewn B, Wysocki LJ, Margolies MN, Sharon J (1990) Clustered H chain somatic mutations shared by anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies confer enhanced affinity and ablate the cross-reactive idiotype. J Immunol 145:2340 Pasqual V, Capra JD (1991) Human immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region genes: organization, polymorphism, expression. Adv Immunol 49:1 Rechavi G, Bienz B, Ram D, Ben-Neriah Y, Cohen JB, Zakut R, Givol D (1982) Organization and evolution of immunoglobulin VH gene subgroups. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:4405 Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Glode MP, Vann W, Shiffer MS, Liu T-Y, Parke JC, Huntley C (1975) Cross-reacting antigens and immunity to diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 56:141 Sanz I, Dang H, Takei M, Talal N, Capra JD (1989) V-H sequence of a human anti-Sm autoantibody. J Immunol 142:883 Schlesinger Y, Granoff DM, The Vaccine Study Group (1992) Avidity and bactericidal activity of anti-capsular antibodies elicited by different Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. JAMA 267:1489 Schroeder HW, Hillson JL, Perlmutter RM (1987) Early restriction of the human antibody repertoire. Science 238:791 Schroeder HW, Wang JY (1990) Preferential utilization of conserved immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region segments during fetal life. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:6146 Scott MG, Nahm MH (1992) Characterization of the human IgG antibody VL repertoire to Haemophilus influenzas type b polysaccharide. J Infect Dis 165 [Suppl 1]:S53 Scott MG, Tarrand JJ, Crimmins DL, McCourt DW, Siegel NR, Smith CE, Nahm MH (1989) Clonal characterization of the human IgG antibody repertoire to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. II. IgG antibodies contain VH genes from a single family and VL genes from at least four VL families. J Immunol 143:293 Scott MG, Tarrand JJ, Crimmins DL, McCourt DW, Zocher I, Thiebe R, Zachau HG, Nahm MH (1989) Clonal characterization of the human antibody repertoire to Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide. III. A single VχII gene and one of several Jχ genes are joined by an invariant arginine to form the most common L chain V region. J Immunol 143:4110 Scott MG, Crimmins DL, McCourt DW, Chung GK, Schable F, Thiebe R, Quenzel EM, Zachau HG, Nahm MH (1991) Clonal characterization of the human IgG antibody repertoire to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. IV. The less frequently expressed VL are heterogeneous. J Immunol 147:4007 Shackelford PG, Granoff DM, Nelson SJ, Scott MG, Smith DS, Nahm MH (1987) Subclass distribution of human antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide. J Immunol 138:587 Siber GR, Ambrosino DM (1986) Heavy and light chain restriction of human antibodies to bacterial polysaccharide antigens. In: Morell A, Nydegger UE (eds) Clinical use of intravenous immunoglobulins. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 47–54 Siber GR, Santosham M, Reid GR, Thompson C, Almeido-Hill J, Morell A, DeLange G, Ketchan JK, Callahan EH (1990) Impaired antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and low IgG2 and IgG4 concentrations in Apache children. N Engl J Med 323:1387 Siegelman M, Capra JD (1981) Complete amino acid sequence of light chain variable regions derived from five monoclonal anti-P-azophenylarsonate antibodies differing with respect to cross-reactive idiotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:7679 Sikder SK, Borden P, Gruezo F, Akolkar PN, Bhattacharya SB, Morrison SL, Kabat EA (1989) Amino acid substitutions in VH CDR2 change the idiotype but not the antigen binding of monoclonal antibodies to α(1–6) dextrans. J Immunol 142:888 Silberstein LE, Jeffries LC, Goldman J, Kant JA, Friedman DF, Moore JS, Nowell PC, Roelcke D, Pruzanski W, Roudier J, Silverman GJ (1991) Variable region gene analysis of pathologic human autoantibodies to the related i and I red blood cell antigens. Blood 73:2372 Silverman GJ, Lucas AH (1991) Variable region diversity in human circulating antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b: preferential usage of two types of VH3 heavy chains. J Clin Invest 88:911 Smith DH, Peter G, Ingram DL, Harding AL, Anderson P (1973) Responses of children immunized with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Pediatrics 52:637 Stein K (1992) Thymus-independent and thymus-dependent responses to polysaccharide antigens. J Infect Dis 165:S49 Stentzel-Poore MP, Bruderer W, Rittenberg MP (1988) The adaptive potential of the memory response: clonal recruitment and epitope recognition. Immunol Rev 105:113 Stohrer RS, Kearney JF (1984) Ontogeny of B cell precursors responding to α(1–3) dextran in BALB/c mice. J Immunol 133:2323 Tarkowski A, Lue C, Moldoveanu Z, Kiyono H, McGhee JR, Mestecky J (1990) Immunization of humans with polysaccharide vaccines induces systemic, predominantly IgA2-subclass antibody responses. J Immunol 144:3770 Teale JM (1985) B cell immune repertoire diversifies in a predictable temporal order in vitro. J Immunol 135:954 Vakil M, Kearney JF (1986) Functional characterization of monoclonal auto-anti-idiotype antibodies isolated from the early B cell repertoire of BALB/c mice. Eur J Immunol 16:1151 Vaz NM, Martinez-A C, Coutinho A (1984) The uniqueness and boundaries of the idiotypic self. In: Köhler H, Urbain J, Cazenave P-Á (eds) Idiotypy in biology and medicine. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 43–59 Vella PA, Ellis RW (1991) Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in infant rhesus monkeys. Pediatr Res 29:10 Ward ES, Gussow D, Griffiths AD, Jones PT, Winter G (1989) Binding activities of a repertoire of single immunoglobulin variable domains secreted from Escherichia coli. Nature 341:544 Ward J, Brennem G, Letson GW, Heyward WL, the Alaska H. influenzae Vaccine Study Group (1990) Limited efficacy of a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Alaska native infants. N Engl J Med 323:1393 Weinberg GA, Granoff DM (1988) Polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines for the prevention of Haemophilus influenae type b disease. J Pediatr 113:621