Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysis

British Journal of Nutrition - Tập 125 Số 3 - Trang 308-318 - 2021
Giuditta Pagliai1,2, Monica Dinu1,2, Maria Pia Madarena1, Marialaura Bonaccio3, Licia Iacoviello3,4, Francesco Sofi1,2
1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
2Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
3Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077 Isernia, Italy
4Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy

Tóm tắt

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with an increase in non-communicable diseases, overweight and obesity. The present study systematically reviewed all observational studies that investigated the association between UPF consumption and health status. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar was conducted, and reference lists of included articles were checked. Only cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies were included. At the end of the selection process, twenty-three studies (ten cross-sectional and thirteen prospective cohort studies) were included in the systematic review. As regards the cross-sectional studies, the highest UPF consumption was associated with a significant increase in the risk of overweight/obesity (+39 %), high waist circumference (+39 %), low HDL-cholesterol levels (+102 %) and the metabolic syndrome (+79 %), while no significant associations with hypertension, hyperglycaemia or hypertriacylglycerolaemia were observed. For prospective cohort studies evaluating a total population of 183 491 participants followed for a period ranging from 3·5 to 19 years, highest UPF consumption was found to be associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in five studies (risk ratio (RR) 1·25, 95 % CI 1·14, 1·37;P< 0·00001), increased risk of CVD in three studies (RR 1·29, 95 % CI 1·12, 1·48;P= 0·0003), cerebrovascular disease in two studies (RR 1·34, 95 % CI 1·07, 1·68;P= 0·01) and depression in two studies (RR 1·20, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·40;P= 0·02). In conclusion, increased UPF consumption was associated, although in a limited number of studies, with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile and a higher risk of CVD, cerebrovascular disease, depression and all-cause mortality.

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British Journal of Nutrition

Tập 125 Số 3

308-318

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