Xây dựng danh tính xã hội qua nhiều cặp “chúng ta và họ”: một nghiên cứu lý thuyết căn cự trên cơ sở cách bạo động các yếu tố ngữ cảnh trong cuộc sống của cư dân một quận dễ bị tổn thương ở Brazil

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 19 - Trang 1-13 - 2020
Natalia Vincens1,2,3, Martin Stafström1, Efigênia Ferreira4, Maria Emmelin1
1Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
2Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
3CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil
4Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Mối liên hệ giữa các yếu tố ngữ cảnh và bất bình đẳng sức khỏe đã được ghi nhận rộng rãi, bao gồm cả ở Brazil. Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn nhiều câu hỏi về cách mà các yếu tố ngữ cảnh thực sự ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe và sự thể hiện của con người. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu định tính này là khám phá cách mà các yếu tố ngữ cảnh—cụ thể là phân tầng xã hội và cấu trúc cơ hội của khu phố—được thể hiện trong cuộc sống của cư dân tại một khu vực dễ bị tổn thương ở Brazil. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng phương pháp Lý thuyết căn cứ (Grounded Theory) theo hướng xây dựng dựa trên 12 cuộc phỏng vấn sâu. Danh mục chủ yếu xây dựng danh tính xã hội thông qua nhiều cặp “chúng ta và họ” được hỗ trợ bởi tám danh mục chính biểu thị cho các cặp “chúng ta và họ” khác nhau, dựa trên các khía cạnh nội tại và ngoại tại của các quá trình xã hội liên quan. Các phát hiện của chúng tôi củng cố và hỗ trợ các liên kết giữa các yếu tố ngữ cảnh và bất bình đẳng sức khỏe, nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của sự so sánh xã hội theo chiều hướng đi xuống, phân biệt lãnh thổ và sự kỳ thị cùng với sự suy giảm vốn xã hội trong việc xây dựng danh tính xã hội và thể hiện các hệ thống phân cấp xã hội cũng như cấu trúc khu phố trong bối cảnh Brazil. Cuối cùng, những yếu tố này tạo ra nỗi xấu hổ và căng thẳng nhưng cũng mang lại niềm tự hào và sức mạnh, mà cả hai đều được công nhận là những yếu tố xác định bất bình đẳng sức khỏe.

Từ khóa

#bất bình đẳng sức khỏe #yếu tố ngữ cảnh #phân tầng xã hội #cấu trúc cơ hội #danh tính xã hội #kỳ thị #vốn xã hội.

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