Constraints on the free-floating planets supporting aqueous life

Acta Astronautica - Tập 69 - Trang 788-808 - 2011
Viorel Badescu1
1Candida Oancea Institute, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania

Tài liệu tham khảo

Baross, 2007 Shapley, 1958 Shapley, 1962, Crusted stars and self-heating planets, Matemática y Teorética (Tucumán National University, Argentina), Serie A Fogg, 1990, Interstellar planets, Comments Astrophys., 14, 357 Taylor, 2001, Planets without stars: the probable abundance, nature, and significance of ISPs, J. Br. Interplanetary Soc., 54, 19 Stevenson, 1999, Life-sustaining planets in interstellar space?, Nature, 400, 32, 10.1038/21811 M.J. Fogg, Free-Floating Planets: Their Origin and Distribution, Dissertation, University of London, UK, 2002 Cole, 1984 Safronov, 1969 Pollack, 1996, Formation of the giant planets by concurrent accretion of solids and gas, Icarus, 124, 62, 10.1006/icar.1996.0190 Cameron, 1978, Physics of the primitive solar nebula and of giant gaseous protoplanets, 453 Chambers, 1998, Making the terrestrial planets: N-body integrations of planetary embryos in three dimensions, Icarus, 136, 304, 10.1006/icar.1998.6007 Levison, 1998, Modeling the diversity of outer planetary systems, Astrophys. J., 116, 1998 Marzari, 2002, Eccentric extrasolar planets: the Jumping Jupiter Model, Icarus, 156, 570, 10.1006/icar.2001.6786 Papaloizou, 2001, Dynamical relaxation and massive extrasolar planets, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 325, 221, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04386.x Lucas, 2000, A population of very young brown dwarfs and free-floating planets in Orion, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 314, 858, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03515.x Zapatero Osorio, 2000, Discovery of young, isolated planetary mass objects in the σ Orionis star cluster, Science, 290, 103, 10.1126/science.290.5489.103 Bains, 2004, Many chemistries could be used to build living systems, Astrobiology, 4, 137, 10.1089/153110704323175124 Schulze-Makuch, 2006, The prospect of alien life in exotic forms on other worlds, Naturwissenschaften, 93, 155, 10.1007/s00114-005-0078-6 Ward, 2000 Kasting, 2001, Essay review of Peter Ward and Don Brownlee's rare earth: why complex life is uncommon in the universe, Perspect. Biol. Med., 44, 117, 10.1353/pbm.2001.0008 Stevenson, 1982, Formation of the giant planets, Planet. Space Sci., 30, 755, 10.1016/0032-0633(82)90108-8 D'Hendecourt, 1989, The discovery of interstellar carbon dioxide, Astron. Astrophys., 223, L5 Lacy, 1991, Discovery of interstellar methane—observations of gaseous and solid CH4 absorption toward young stars in molecular clouds, Astrophys. J., 376, 556, 10.1086/170304 Woon, 2010, Interstellar and circumstellar molecules, Astrochemist Marcelino, 2007, Discovery of interstellar propylene (CH2CHCH3): missing links in interstellar gas-phase chemistry, Astrophys. J., 665, L127, 10.1086/521398 E. Polehampton, The ISO LWS High Resolution Spectral Survey towards Sagittarius B2, Dissertation, Oxford University, UK, 2002 Guillot, 2001 Chaplin, 2008 McCluskeya, 2002, N2 and CO2 vibrational modes in solid nitrogen under pressure, J. Chem. Phys., 116, 1607, 10.1063/1.1429644 Larson, 2003 Albu, 2004 Both, 1983, Density dependence of stopping cross sections measured in liquid ethane, Phys. Rev. A, 28, 3212, 10.1103/PhysRevA.28.3212 Bassen, 1999, Structural modeling of fluid ethane with Monte Carlo methods, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1, 1737, 10.1039/a900074g Straty, 1976, Phase transition and melting pressures of solid ethane, J. Chem. Phys., 64, 859, 10.1063/1.432236 ACRI, Permanent Storage of Carbon Dioxide in the Marine Environment: The Solid CO2 Penetrator. Groupe Acri, 2008 〈http://www.acri.fr/ co2/diox1-figure03.html〉 (accessed January 6, 2008). Badescu, 2010, Tables of Rosseland mean opacities for candidate atmospheres of life hosting free-floating planets, Central Eur. J. Phys., 8, 463, 10.2478/s11534-009-0134-5 Ferguson, 2005, Low-temperature opacities, Astrophys. J., 623, 585, 10.1086/428642 Freedman, 2008, Line and mean opacities for ultracool dwarfs and extra-solar planets, Astrophys. J., 504, 10.1086/521793 Toma, 1980 Murdock, 1993 Peng, 1976, A new two-constant equation of state, Ind. Eng. Chem.: Fund., 15, 59, 10.1021/i160057a011 Raznjevic, 1978 Kajigaya, 1987, Heat capacity calculation at constant pressure or constant volume by equation of state, Bull. Coll. Eng., Hosei Univ., 23, 21 D.K. Kahaner, C.D. Sutherland, SLATEC routine DDRIV3, SLATEC Common Mathematical Library, Version 4.1, 1993, Energy Science and Technology Software Center, P.O. Box, 1020, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 〈http://pdb.finkproject.org/pdb/package.php/slatec〉 (accessed 20 February 2010). Adams, 2008, Ocean planet or thick atmosphere: on the mass–radius relationship for solid exoplanets with massive atmospheres, Astrophys. J., 673, 1160, 10.1086/524925 R.C. Weast (Ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed., Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.., Cleveland, 1962. Touloukian, 1970