Constraining the relative importance of raindrop‐ and flow‐driven sediment transport mechanisms in postwildfire environments and implications for recovery time scales

Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface - Tập 121 Số 11 - Trang 2211-2237 - 2016
Luke A. McGuire1,2, Jason W. Kean2, Dennis M. Staley2, Francis K. Rengers2, Thad Wasklewicz3
1Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
2U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado , USA
3Department of Geography, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractMountain watersheds recently burned by wildfire often experience greater amounts of runoff and increased rates of sediment transport relative to similar unburned areas. Given the sedimentation and debris flow threats caused by increases in erosion, more work is needed to better understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed increase in sediment transport in burned environments and the time scale over which a heightened geomorphic response can be expected. In this study, we quantified the relative importance of different hillslope erosion mechanisms during two postwildfire rainstorms at a drainage basin in Southern California by combining terrestrial laser scanner‐derived maps of topographic change, field measurements, and numerical modeling of overland flow and sediment transport. Numerous debris flows were initiated by runoff at our study area during a long‐duration storm of relatively modest intensity. Despite the presence of a well‐developed rill network, numerical model results suggest that the majority of eroded hillslope sediment during this long‐duration rainstorm was transported by raindrop‐induced sediment transport processes, highlighting the importance of raindrop‐driven processes in supplying channels with potential debris flow material. We also used the numerical model to explore relationships between postwildfire storm characteristics, vegetation cover, soil infiltration capacity, and the total volume of eroded sediment from a synthetic hillslope for different end‐member erosion regimes. This study adds to our understanding of sediment transport in steep, postwildfire landscapes and shows how data from field monitoring can be combined with numerical modeling of sediment transport to isolate the processes leading to increased erosion in burned areas.

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Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface

Tập 121 Số 11

2211-2237

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