Conservation status of vascular epiphytes in the neotropics

Biodiversity and Conservation - Trang 1-21 - 2023
Maria Judith Carmona-Higuita1, Glenda Mendieta-Leiva2,3, Jorge Antonio Gómez-Díaz4, Fabricio Villalobos5, Flavio Nunes Ramos6, João Pedro Costa Elias6, Derio Antonio Jiménez-López7, Alejandro Zuluaga8, Bruce Holst9, Michael Kessler10, Guido Mathieu11, Alexander Zizka12, Gerhard Zotz13, Thorsten Krömer14
1Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
2Faculty of Geography, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
3Plant Ecology Division - CORBIDI, Lima, Peru
4Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas and Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
5Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. INECOL, Xalapa, México
6Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Alfenas, Brasil
7Programa de doctorado en Ciencias, Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, San Cristóbal de las Casas, San Cristóbal de las Casas, México
8Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle Cali, Colombia
9Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, USA
10Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
11The Internet Peperomia, Belgium, Belgium
12Department of Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
13Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Functional Ecology Group, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
14Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama

Tóm tắt

The Neotropical realm hosts some of the Earth’s most species-rich biodiversity hotspots, with vascular epiphytes significantly contributing to this diversity, regionally accounting for up to 39% of the vascular flora. However, many regions of the Neotropics where epiphytic species of restricted distribution are reported coincide with threatened ecosystems, such as the tropical montane cloud forest. Moreover, epiphytes may be especially vulnerable to land use and climate change impacts due to their dependence on host trees. We assessed the conservation status of vascular epiphytes in the Neotropics for the families that represent over 80% of the global epiphyte diversity (Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Piperaceae, and Polypodiaceae) and identified geographical centres of accumulation of threatened epiphyte species. We gathered information from free-access web repositories, specific epiphytic plant databases, and scientific and grey literature. We assessed the extinction risk of 11,446 epiphyte species following IUCN Red List guidelines, using Criterion B (geographic range size). We found nearly 60% (6,721 species) to be threatened, with 1,766 critically endangered (CR), 3,537 endangered (EN), and 1,418 vulnerable (VU). The threatened species are mainly found in the centres of endemism of vascular epiphytes in Central America, the northern Andes, and the Atlantic Forest. Our study emphasises that the centres of threatened species largely coincide with diversity hotspots, highlighting epiphytes as an especially vulnerable group that requires urgent conservation actions.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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