Conservation assessment of Lecythidaceae from eastern Brazil
Tóm tắt
This work evaluates the conservation status of the 22 species of Lecythidaceae native to eastern Brazil. Assessments based on current IUCN criteria, distribution maps, and an identification key to the native and non-native species from the area are provided. The results of this study suggest that over half of the species are threatened (vulnerable or endangered), four species should be added to the IUCN Red List, and the status of seven species currently on this list should be changed. It was found that nearly all collections of endangered species are from or occur within 20 km of a reserve, which clearly shows that protected areas are of vital importance for the survival of most endangered Lecythidaceae from this region.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Cambessedes, J. (1829). In: A. de Saint-Hilaire, Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis 2: 377. Apud A. Belin, Paris.
Espírito Santo (2000). Lei n°6.146, de oito de fevereiro de 2000. Declara o Jequitibá-rosa, Árvore símbolo do Estado do Espírito Santo. http://www.al.es.gov.br/antigo_portal_ales/images/leis/html/LO6146.html>. Accessed on 25 April 2013.
ESRI (2010). ArcGIS v. 10.0. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California, USA.
Hernández, H. M. & Navarro, M. (2007). A new method to estimate areas of occupancy using herbarium data. Biodivers. Conserv. 16: 2457 – 2470.
Huang, Y.-Y., Mori, S. A. & Prance, G. T. (2008). A phylogeny of Cariniana (Lecythidaceae) based on morphological and anatomical data. Brittonia 60: 69 – 81.
____, ____ & Kelly, L. M. (2015). Toward a phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae — I. Status of Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera and Lecythis. Phytotaxa 203: 85 – 121.
IUCN (2014). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <http://www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 17 November 2014.
IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (2013). The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), On-line, 8/2013. Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net.
Knuth, R. (1934). Addimenta cognitionis Lecythidacearum. I. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 35: 338 – 342.
____ (1939). Lecythidaceae. Das Pflanzenreich (Engler) IV, 219a: 1 – 146.
Kuntze, O. (1898). Revisio Generum Plantarum 3 (2): 89. A. Felix, Leipzig.
Leite, E. J. (2007). State-of-knowledge on Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze (Lecythidaceae) for genetic conservation in Brazil. Research J. Bot. 2: 138 – 160.
Lima da Venda, A. K., Smith, N. P., Judice, D. M., Almeida Penedo, T. S. & P. V. Prieto. (2013). Lecythidaceae. In: G. Martinelli & M. A. Moraes (Orgs.), Livro vermelho da flora do Brasil, pp. 607 – 611. Centro National da Conservação da Flora. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
Linnaeus, C. von. (1775). Plantae Surinamenses. 12: 17. Typis Edmannianis, Upsaliae.
Marcgrave, G. (1648). Historia rerum naturalium Brasiliae. In: W. Piso & G. Marcgrave, Historia naturalis Brasiliae. Leyden & Amsterdam.
Miers, J. (1874). On the Lecythidaceae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 157 – 318, Tab. 33 – 65.
Mori, S. A. (1981). New species of Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) from Southern Brazil. Brittonia 33: 466 – 472.
____ (1995). Observações sobre as espécies de Lecythidaceae do leste do Brasil. Bol. Bot. Univ. São Paulo 14: 1 – 31.
____ & Prance, G. T. (1990). Lecythidaceae — Part II: The zygomorphic-flowered New World genera (Couroupita, Corythophora, Bertholletia, Couratari, Eschweilera, & Lecythis. With a study of secondary xylem of Neotropical Lecythidaceae by Carl de Zeeuw. Flora Neotrop. Monogr. 21(II).
____, ____ & Menandro, M. d. S. (1995). Observações sobre as espécies de Lecythidaceae do leste do Brasil. Bol. Bot. Univ. São Paulo 14: 1 – 31.
____, Tsou, C.-H., Wu, C.-C., Cronholm, B. & Anderberg, A. A. (2007). Evolution of Lecythidaceae with an emphasis on the circumscription of neotropical genera: information from combined ndhF and trnL-F sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 94: 289 – 301.
____, Smith, N. P., Cornejo, X. & Prance, G. T. (18 March 2010 onward). The Lecythidaceae Pages (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/lp/index.php). The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.
____, ____, Huang, Y.-Y., Prance, G. T., Kelly, L. M. & Carollo Matos, C. (2015). Toward a Phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae — II. Status of Allantoma, Cariniana, Couratari, Couroupita, Grias and Gustavia. Phytotaxa 203: 122 – 137.
Morton, C. M., Mori, S. A., Prance, G. T., Karol, K. G. & Chase, M. W. (1997). Phylogenetic relationships of Lecythidaceae: A cladistic analysis using rbcL sequence and morphological data. Amer. J. Bot. 84: 530 – 540.
Pires O'Brien, J. (1998a). Couratari asterophora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02 September 2014.
____ (1998b). Couratari asterotricha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02 September 2014.
____ (1998c). Couratari pyramidata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 08 December 2014.
Poiret, J. L. M. (1804). In: J. Lamarck et al., Encyclopédie Méthodique 6 (1): 27. Agasse, Paris.
Prance, G. T. (1981). Three new species of Couratari (Lecythidceae). Brittonia 33: 15 – 21.
____ (2012). A Revision of Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae). Allertonia 12: 1 – 164.
____ & Mori, S. A. (1979). Lecythidaceae — Part I. The actinomorphic-flowered New World Lecythidaceae (Asteranthos, Gustavia, Grias, Allantoma & Cariniana). Flora Neotrop. Monogr. 21 (I).
Ribeiro, M. C., Metzger, J. P., Martensen, A. C., Ponzoni, F. J. & Hirota, M. M. (2009). The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How Much is Left, and How is the Remaining Forest Distributed: Implications for Conservation. Biol. Conserv. 142: 1141 – 1153.
____, Mori, S. A., Alves-Araújo, A. & Peixoto, A. L. (2014). State of knowledge of Lecythidaceae in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Bol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitão (Nova Série) 36: 63 – 84.
Rizzini, C. T. (1976). Contribuição ao conhecimento das Floras Nordestinas. Rodriguésia 28(41): 137 – 193.
Skidmore, T. E. (1999). Brazil: Five Centuries of Change. Oxford University Press.
Smith. A. C. (1933). In: H. A. Gleason & A. C. Smith, Plantae Krukovianae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 379 – 369.
Smith, N. P., Mori, S. A., Popovkin, A. & Hopkins, M. J. G. (2012). Lecythis ibiriba (Lecythidaceae), a new combination from northeastern Brazil. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 139: 447 – 451.
____, ____ & Prance, G. T. (2014). Lecythidaceae. In: Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available in: <http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB145>. Access on: 08 Sept. 2014.
____, ____, Siqueira, G. S. & Folli, D. A. (2016). Lecythis marcgraaviana (Lecythidaceae), an overlooked species from eastern Brazil. Kew Bull. 71. doi:10.1007/S12225-016-9626-9
Species Link (2014). www. http://splink.cria.org.br. Accessed on July 15 2014.
ter Steege, H., Pitman, N. C. A., Phillips, O. L., Chave, J., Sabatier, D., Duque, A., Molino, J.-F., Prévost, M.-F., Spichiger, R., Castellanos, C., von Hildebrand, P. & Vasquez, R. (2006). Continental-scale patterns of canopy tree composition and function across Amazonia. Nature 443: 444 – 447.
____ et al. (2013). Hyperdominance in the Amazonian Tree Flora. Science 342 (6156).
Thiers, B. (continuously updated). Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/.
Varty, N. (1998). Cariniana ianeirensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02 September 2014.