Consequences of public ownership and subsidies for mass transit: Evidence from case studies and regression analysis

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 11 Số 4 - Trang 323-345 - 1983
John Pucher1, Anders Markstedt1
1Department of Urban Planning, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, U.S.A.

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Altshuler, A., Womack, J. and Pucher, J. (1981). The Urban Transportation System: Politics and Policy Innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

American Public Transit Association (1971). 1970 Transit Operating Report. Washington, DC: American Public Transit Association.

American Public Transit Association (1977). 1975 Transit Operating Report. Washington, DC: American Public Transit Association.

American Public Transit Association (1981a). Transit Fact Book. Washington, DC: American Public Transit Association.

American Public Transit Association (1981b). Expense Recovery Ratios: Transit System Revenues and Expenses. Washington, DC: American Public Transit Association.

American Public Transit Association (1981c). Operating Statistics Report. Washington, DC: American Public Transit Association.

Barnum, D. and Gleason, J. (1979). Measuring the Influence of Subsidies on Transit Efficiency and Effectiveness. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation.

Bly, P. H., Webster, F. W. and Pounds, S. (1980). ?Effects of Subsidies on Urban Public Transport?, Transportation 9: 311?331.

Bonnell, J. (1981). ?Transit's Growing Fiscal Crisis?, Traffic Quarterly 35: 541?556.

Executive Office of the President (1981). Fiscal Year 1982 Budget Revisions: Additional Details on Budget Savings. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Hilton, G. (1974). Federal Transit Subsidies, Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.

Lee, N. and Steedman, I. (1970). ?Economies of Scale in Bus Transportation?, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 4: 15?28.

Meyer, J. and Gomez-Ibanez, J. (1981). Autos, Transit, and Cities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Miller, D. (1970). ?Differences Among Cities, Differences Among Firms, and Costs of Urban Bus Transport,? Journal of Industrial Economics 19: 22?32.

Mohring, H. (1972). ?Optimization and Scale Economies in Urban Bus Transportation?, American Economic Review 60: 591?604.

Nelson, G. (1972). An Econometric Model of Urban Bus Operations. Washington, DC: Institute for Defense Analyses.

Ortner, J. and Wachs, M. (1979). ?The Cost-Revenue Squeeze in American Public Transit?, Journal of the American Planning Association January: 10?21.

Pashigian, B. (1976). ?Consequences and Causes of Public Ownership of Urban Transit Facilities?, Journal of Political Economy 84: 1239?1259.

Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co. (1980). Study of Operator Absenteeism and Workers' Compensation Trends in the Urban Mass Transportation Industry. Report prepared for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation.

Pucher, J. (1982). ?A Decade of Change for Mass Transit?, Transportation Research Record 858, November: 48?57.

Pucher, J., Markstedt, A. and Hirschman, I. (1983). ?Impacts of Subsidies on the Costs of Urban Public Transport?, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy May: in press.

Sale, J. and Green, B. (1979). ?Operating Costs and Performance of American Public Transit Systems?, Journal of the American Planning Association January: 22?27.

Tye, W. (1974). ?Economics of Urban Transit Capital Grants?, Highway Research Record No. 476.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (1971). Survey of Current Business. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July, p. S-15.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (1981). Survey of Current Business. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July, p. S-14.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (1981). Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (1971). Employment and Earnings 18: 94?97.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (1976). Employment and Earnings 23: 112?116.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (1981). Employment and Earnings 28: 149?153.

U.S. House of Representatives (1981). The Financial and Productivity Problems of Urban Public Transportation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. House of Representatives (1982). The State of Public Transportation in the Nation and a Recommended New Block Grant Concept. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Wabe, J. and Coles, O. (1975). ?The Long-and Short-run Costs of Bus Transport in Urban Areas,? Journal of Transport Economics and Policy May: 127?140.