Consensus on the medical treatment of colon cancer

Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin, 55: 74–108, 2005

André T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf L, et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N Engl J Med, 350: 2343–2351, 2004

André T, Tournigand C, Achille E, et al. Adjuvant treatment of colon cancer MOSAIC study's main results. Bull Cancer, 93 (Suppl 1): S5–S9, 2006

Kerr DJ, Gray R, McConkey C, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, L-folinic acid and levamisole for patients with colorectal cancer: non-randomised comparison of weekly versus four-weekly schedules-less pain, same gain. QUASAR Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Ann Oncol, 11: 947–955, 2000

O'Connell JB, Maggard MA, Ko CY. Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Cancer sixth edition staging. J Natl Cancer Inst, 96: 1420–1425, 2004

Thirion P, Michiels S, Pignon JP, et al. Modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: an updated meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol, 22: 3766–3775, 2004

de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M, et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 18: 2938–2947, 2000

Giacchetti S, Perpoint B, Zidani R, et al. Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 18: 136–147, 2000

Köhne CH, van Cutsem E, Wils J, et al. Phase III study of weekly high-dose infusional fluorouracil plus folinic acid with or without irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Group Study 40986. J Clin Oncol, 23: 4856–4865, 2005

Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke C, et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N Engl J Med, 343: 905–914, 2000

Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD, et al. Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet, 355: 1041–1047, 2000

Tournigand C, Andre T, Achille E, et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol, 22: 229–237, 2004

Nordlinger B, Van Cutsem E, Rougier P, et al. Does chemotherapy prior to liver resection increase the potential for cure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer? A report from the European Colorectal Metastases Treatment Group. Eur J Cancer, 42: 2037–2045, 2007

Van Cutsem E, Nordlinger B, Adam R, et al. Towards a pan-European consensus on the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Cancer, 42: 2212–2221, 2006

Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid in B2 colon cancer. International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of B2 Colon Cancer Trials (IMPACT B2) Investigators. J Clin Oncol, 17: 1356–1363, 1999

Gill S, Loprinzi CL, Sargent DJ, et al. Pooled analysis of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy for stage II and III colon cancer: who benefits and by how much? J Clin Oncol, 22: 1797–1806, 2004

Iwashyna TJ, Lamont EB. Effectiveness of adjuvant fluorouracil in clinical practice: a population-based cohort study of elderly patients with stage III colon cancer. J Clin Oncol, 20: 3992–3998, 2002

Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Macdonald JS, et al. Fluorouracil plus levamisole as effective adjuvant therapy after resection of stage III colon carcinoma: a final report. Ann Intern Med, 122: 321–326, 1995

Arkenau HT, Bermann A, Rettig K, et al. 5-Fluorouracil plus leucovorin is an effective adjuvant chemotherapy in curatively resected stage III colon cancer: long-term follow-up results of the adjCCA-01 trial. Ann Oncol, 14: 395–399, 2003

Grothey A, Sargent DJ. FOLFOX for stage II colon cancer? A commentary on the recent FDA approval of oxaliplatin for adjuvant therapy of stage III colon cancer. J Clin Oncol, 23: 3311–3313, 2005

Scheithauer W, McKendrick J, Begbie S, et al. Oral capecitabine as an alternative to i.v. 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy for colon cancer: safety results of a randomized, phase III trial. Ann Oncol, 14: 1735–1743, 2003

Carrato A, Köhne C, Bedenne L, et al. Folinic acid modulated bolus 5-FU or infusional 5-FU for adjuvant treatment of patients of UICC stage III colon cancer: preliminary analysis of the PETACC-2-study. J Clin Oncol, 24: 18S, 2006 (abstr 3563)

Chau I, Norman AR, Cunningham D, et al. A randomised comparison between 6 months of bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin and 12 weeks of protracted venous infusion fluorouracil as adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol, 16: 549–557, 2005

Twelves C, Wong A, Nowacki MP, et al. Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med, 352: 2696–2704, 2005

Cassidy J, Douillard JY, Twelves C, et al. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of adjuvant oral capecitabine vs intravenous 5-FU/LV in Dukes' C colon cancer: the X-ACT trial. Br J Cancer, 94: 1122–1129, 2006

Twelves C, Scheithauer W, McKendrick J, et al. Capecitabine versus 5-FU/LV in stage lll colon cancer: updated 5-year efficacy data from X-ACT trial and preliminary analysis of relationship between hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and efficacy. ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, 2008 (abstr 274)

Van Cutsem E, Labianca R, Hossfeld D, et al. Randomized phase III trial comparing infused irinotecan/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (IF) versus 5-FU/FA (F) in stage III colon cancer patients (pts). (PETACC 3). J Clin Oncol, 23: 16S, 2005 (abstr LBA8)

Wolmark N. Provocative optimism in the treatment of early stage disease. Oncologist, 10 (Suppl 2) 1–3, 2005

de Gramont A, Boni C, Navarro M, et al. Oxaliplatin/5FU/LV in adjuvant colon cancer: updated efficacy results of the MOSAIC trial, including survival, with a median follow-up of six years. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstr 4007)

Saltz LB, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D, et al. Irinotecan fluorouracil plus leucovorin is not superior to fluorouracil plus leucovorin alone as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer: results of CALGB 89803. J Clin Oncol, 25: 3456–3461, 2007

Ychou M, Raoul J, Douillard J, et al. A phase III randomized trial of LV5FU2+CPT-11 vs LV5FU2 alone in adjuvant high risk colon cancer (FNCLCC Accord02/FFCD9802). J Clin Oncol, 23: 16S, 2005 (abstr 3502)

Gray R, Barnwell J, Hills R, et al. QUASAR: a randomized study of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) vs observation including 3238 colorectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol, 22: 14S, 2004 (abstr 3501)

Quasar Collaborative G, Gray R, Barnwell J, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomised study. Lancet, 370: 2020–2029, 2007

Schmoll HJ, Tabernero J, Nowacki M, et al. Final safety findings from a randomized phase III trial of capecitabine + oxaliplatin (XELOX) vs. bolus 5-FU/LV as adjuvant therapy for patients (pts) with stage III colon cancer. J Clin Oncol, 24: 18S, 2006 (abstr 3569)

Green E, Sargent D, Goldberg R, et al. Detailed analysis of oxaliplatin-association neurotoxicity in Intergroup trial N9741. ASCO GI Cancers Symposium, 2005 (abstr 182)

Tournigand C, Cervantes A, Figer A, et al. OPTIMOX1: a randomized study of FOLFOX4 or FOLFOX7 with oxaliplatin in a stop-and-go fashion in advanced colorectal cancer – a GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol, 24: 394–400, 2006

Maindrault-Goebel F, Lledo G, Chibaudel B, et al. Final results of OPTIMOX2, a large randomized phase II study of maintenance therapy or chemotherapy – free intervals (CFI) after FOLFOX in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MRC): A GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstr 4013)

Grothey A, Sargent D. Overall survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer correlates with availability of fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin regardless of whether doublet or single-agent therapy is used first line. J Clin Oncol, 23: 9441–9442, 2005

Grothey A, Sargent D, Goldberg RM, et al. Survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer improves with the availability of fluorouracil-leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in the course of treatment. J Clin Oncol, 22: 1209–1214, 2004

Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Ledermann JA, et al. Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 370: 143–152, 2007

Hurwitz H, Kabbinavar F. Bevacizumab combined with standard fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens to treat colorectal cancer. Oncology, 69 (Suppl 3): 17–24, 2005

Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 350: 2335–2342, 2004

Saltz L, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio E, et al. Bevacizumab (Bev) in combination with XELOX or FOLFOX4: updated efficacy results from XELOX-1/NO16966, a randomized phase III trial in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstr 4028)

Giantonio BJ, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. J Clin Oncol, 25: 1539–1544, 2007

Dittrich C, Hoehler T, Lordick F, et al. A phase l/ll study of cetuximab in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA) plus weekly oxaliplatin (L-OHP) (FUFOX) in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Preliminary results. Ann Oncol, 17 (Suppl 6), 2006 (abstr O-019)

Folprecht G, Lutz MP, Schoffski P, et al. Cetuximab and irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/folinic acid is a safe combination for the first-line treatment of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor expressing metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Ann Oncol, 17: 450–456, 2006

Peeters M, Raoul J, Van Laethem J-L, et al. Cetuximab in combination with irinotecan/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA)(FOLFIRI) in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Eur J Cancer Suppl, 3: 2, 2005 (abstr 664)

Rosenberg AH, Loehrer PJ, Needle MN, et al. Erbitux (IMC-C225) plus weekly irinotecan (CPT-11), fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin (LV) in colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 21, 2002 (abstract 536)

Bokemeyer C, Staroslawska E, Makhson A, et al. Cetuximab plus 5FU/FA/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) in the first-line treatment of metastastic colorectal cancer (mCRC): a large-scale phase II study, OPUS. Eur J Cancer Suppl, 5: 4, 2007 (abstr O3004)

Van Cutsem E, Bodoky G, Kyung Roh J, et al. CRYSTAL, a randomized phase III trial of cetuximab plus FOLFIRI vs. FOLFIRI in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Eur J Cancer Suppl, 5: 4, 2007 (abstr O3001)

Tabernero J, Cervantes A, Ciardiello F, et al. Correlation of efficacy to KRAS status (wt vs. mut) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), treated with weekly (q1w) and q2w schedules of cetuximab combined with FOLFIRI. ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, 2008 (abstr 435)

Saltz L, Rubin M, Hochster HS, et al. Cetuximab (IMC-C225) plus irinotecan (CPT-11) is active in CPT-11 refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 20, 2001 (abstr 7)

Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S, et al. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 351: 337–345, 2004

Wilke H, Glynne-Jones R, Thaler J, et al. MABEL-A large multinational study of cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 24: 18S, 2006 (abstr 3549)

Sobrero A, Maurel J, Fehrenbacher L, et al. EPIC: Phase III trial of cetuximab plus irinotecan after fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26: e-pub, 2008

Eng C, Maurel J, Scheithauer W, et al. Impact on quality of life of adding cetuximab to irinotecan in patients who have failed prior oxaliplatin-based therapy: the EPIC trial. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstr 4003)

Au H, Karapetis C, Jonker D, et al. Quality of life in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab: results of the NCIC CTG and AGITG CO.17 trial. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstr 4002)

Amado RG, Wolf M, Freeman D, et al. Panitumumab (pmab) efficacy and patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) with wild-type (WT) KRAS tumour status. ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, 2008 (abstr 278)

Amado RG, Wolf M, Peeters M, et al. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 26: 1626–1634, 2008

Hecht J, Chidiac T, Mitchell E, et al. An interim analysis of efficacy and safety from a randomized controlled trial of panitumumab with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab (Bev) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Ann Oncol, 18: Suppl 7, 2007 (abstr O-0033)

Falcone A, Ricci S, Brunetti I, et al. Phase III trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) compared with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest. J Clin Oncol, 25: 1670–1676, 2007

Souglakos J, Androulakis N, Syrigos K, et al. FOLFOXIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) vs FOLFIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan) as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC): a multicentre randomised phase III trial from the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG). Br J Cancer, 94: 798–805, 2006

Punt CJ, Koopman M, Douma J, et al. Sequential compared to combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (ACC): A Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG) phase III study. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstract 4012)

Adam R. Chemotherapy and surgery: new perspectives on the treatment of unresectable liver metastases. Ann Oncol, 14 (Suppl 2): ii13–ii16, 2003

Bismuth H, Adam R, Levi F, et al. Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg, 224: 509–520, 1996

Folprecht G, Grothey A, Alberts S, et al. Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: correlation between tumour response and resection rates. Ann Oncol, 16: 1311–1319, 2005

Giacchetti S, Itzhaki M, Gruia G, et al. Long-term survival of patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases following infusional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and surgery. Ann Oncol, 10: 663–669, 1999

Cervantes A, Cassado E, Van Custem E, et al. Phase II study with cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 in first-line setting for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Eur J Cancer Suppl, 3: 2, 2005 (abstr 642)

Fisher GA, Kuo T, Cho D, et al. A phase II study of gefitinib in combination with FOLFOX-4 (IFOX) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 22: 14S, 2004 (abstr 3514)

Kopetz S, Abbruzzese JL, Eng C, et al. Preliminary results from a phase II study of infusional 5-FU, leucovorin and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol, 24: 18S, 2006 (abstr 3579)

Abad A, Anton A, Massuti B, et al. Resectability of liver metastases (LM) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC) after treatment with the combination of oxaliplatin (OXA), irinotecan (IRI) and 5-FU: final results of a phase II study. J Clin Oncol, 23: 16S, 2005 (abstr 3618)

Quenet F, Nordlinger B, Rivoire M, et al. Resection of previously unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after chemotherapy with CPT-11/L-OHP/LV5FU (Folfirinox): a propsective phase II trial. J Clin Oncol, 22: 14S, 2004 (abstr 3613)

Seium Y, Stupp R, Ruhstaller T, et al. Oxaliplatin combined with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (OCFL) in metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase I-II study. Ann Oncol, 16: 762–766, 2005

Watkins DJ, Jackson C, Chua Y, et al. A prospective study of oxaliplatin and capecitabine (CapOx) in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) with baseline stratification according to resectability status. J Clin Oncol, 25: 14S, 2007 (abstr 4024)

Fernandez FG, Ritter J, Goodwin JW, et al. Effect of steatohepatitis associated with irinotecan or oxaliplatin pretreatment on resectability of hepatic colorectal metastases. J Am Coll Surg, 200: 845–853, 2005

Karoui M, Penna C, Amin-Hashem M, et al. Influence of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg, 243: 1–7, 2006

Rubbia-Brandt L, Mentha G, Terris B. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome is a major feature of hepatic lesions associated with oxaliplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy for liver colorectal metastases. J Am Coll Surg, 202: 199–200, 2006

Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM, Ribero D, et al. Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol, 24: 2065–2072, 2006

Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Collette L, et al. Final results of the EORTC Intergroup randomized phase III study 40983 [EPOC] evaluating the benefit of peri-operative FOLFOX4 chemotherapy for patients with potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (LBA5)

Ellis LM, Curley SA, Grothey A. Surgical resection after downsizing of colorectal liver metastasis in the era of bevacizumab. J Clin Oncol, 23: 4853–4855, 2005

Gruenberger B, Scheithauer W, Tamandl D, et al. Neoadjuvant bevacizumab plus XELOX is feasible in patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer receiving synchronous resection. Eur J Cancer Suppl, 5: 4, 2007 (abstr 3064)

Gruenberger T, Tamandl D, Puhalla H, et al. Bevacizumab plus XELOX as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstr 4064)

Berry SR, Van Cutsem E, Kretzschmar A, et al. Preliminary efficacy of bevacizumab with first-line FOLFOX, XELOX, FOLFIRI, and fluoropyrimidines for mCRC: first BEAT. ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, 2008 (abstr 350)

Cunningham D, Kretzschmar A, Berry S, et al. Efficacy and safety of surgery with curative intent in patients treated with first-line bevacizumab for mCRC: first BEAT. ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, 2008 (abstr 445)

Kesmodel SB, Ellis LM, Lin E, et al. Complication rates following hepatic surgery in patients receiving neoadjuvant bevacizumab (BV) for colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, 2007 (abstr 234)

Surgery for colorectal cancer in elderly patients: a systematic review. Colorectal Cancer Collaborative Group. Lancet, 356: 968–974, 2000

Biganzoli L, Aapro M. Adjuvant chemotherapy in the elderly. Ann Oncol, 14 (Suppl 3): iii1–iii3, 2003

Neugut AI, Matasar M, Wang X, et al. Duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer and survival among the elderly. J Clin Oncol, 24: 2368–2375, 2006

Potosky AL, Harlan LC, Kaplan RS, et al. Age, sex, and racial differences in the use of standard adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 20: 1192–1202, 2002

Schrag D, Cramer LD, Bach PB, et al. Age and adjuvant chemotherapy use after surgery for stage III colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 93: 850–857, 2001

Sundararajan V, Mitra N, Jacobson JS, et al. Survival associated with 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy among elderly patients with node-positive colon cancer. Ann Intern Med, 136: 349–357, 2002

Damhuis RA, Wereldsma JC, Wiggers T. The influence of age on resection rates and postoperative mortality in 6457 patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis, 11: 45–48, 1996

Folprecht G, Seymour MT, Saltz LB, et al. Irinotecan/5-fluorouracil combinations in the first-line therapy of older and younger patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: combined analysis of patients in randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol, 26: 1443–1451, 2008

Goldberg RM, Tabah-Fisch I, Bleiberg H, et al. Pooled analysis of safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin administered bimonthly in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 24: 4085–4091, 2006

Arkenau H, Englisch-Fritz C, Kubicka S, et al. Oxaliplatin in combination with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in elderly patients (>70 yrs) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, 2007 (abstr 283)

Viret F, Bugat R, Ducreux M, et al. XELOX regimen in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC), a FNCLCC French Collaborative Group GERICO 02 phase II study. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstr 19513)

Barrueco J, Marshall J, Mitchell E, et al. Safety and efficacy of first-line irinotecan/fluoropymidine combinations in mCRC patients > 65 years compared with those < 65: The BICC-C study. J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstr 4076)

Ho C, O'Reilly S, Ng K, et al. Population-based analysis of patients with advanced colorectal cancer: the impact of age on treatment and outcomes. J Clin Oncol, 23: 16S, 2005 (abstr 3614)

Starling N, Cunningham D. Does shorter duration of chemotherapy worsen survival for elderly patients with colon cancer? Nat Clin Pract Oncol, 4: 12–13, 2007

Dobie SA, Baldwin LM, Dominitz JA et al. Completion of therapy by Medicare patients with stage III colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 98: 610–619, 2006

Mitry E, Douillard JY, Van Custem E, et al. Predictive factors of survival in patients with advanced CRC: an individual data analysis of 602 patients included in irinotecan phase III trials. Ann Oncol, 15: 1013–1017, 2004

Goldberg R, C.H. K, Seymour M, et al. A pooled safety and efficacy analysis examining the effect of performance status (PS) on outcomes in nine first-line treatment (rx) trials (cts) of 6286 patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). J Clin Oncol, 25: 18S, 2007 (abstr 4011)

Mattioli R, Massacesi C, Recchia F, et al. High activity and reduced neurotoxicity of bi-fractionated oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin for elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol, 16: 1147–1151, 2005

Oh D, Kim Y, Han S, et al. Efficacy of reduced dose intensity FOLFOX-4 as first line palliative chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). J Clin Oncol, 23: 16S, 2005 (abstr 3720)

Twelves CJ, Butts CA, Cassidy J, et al. Capecitabine/oxaliplatin, a safe and active first-line regimen for older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: post hoc analysis of a large phase II study. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 5: 101–107, 2005

Sastre J, Marcuello E, Masutti B, et al. Irinotecan in combination with fluorouracil in a 48-hour continuous infusion as first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours study. J Clin Oncol, 23: 3545–3551, 2005

Souglakos J, Pallis A, Kakolyris S, et al. Combination of irinotecan (CPT-11) plus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (FOLFIRI regimen) as first line treatment for elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase II trial. Oncology, 69: 384–390, 2005

Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid in colon cancer. International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of Colon Cancer Trials (IMPACT) investigators. Lancet, 345: 939–944, 1995

Punt CJ, Nagy A, Douillard JY, et al. Edrecolomab alone or in combination with fluorouracil and folinic acid in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer: a randomised study. Lancet, 360: 671–677, 2002

Fields AL, Keller AM, Schwartzberg L, et al. Edrecolomab (17-1A antibody) (DER) in combination with 5-fluorouracil (FU) based chemotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer. Results of a randomized North American phase III study. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 21: 128a, 2002 (abstr 508)

Andre T, Colin P, Louvet C, et al. Semimonthly versus monthly regimen of fluorouracil and leucovorin administered for 24 or 36 weeks as adjuvant therapy in stage II and III colon cancer: results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol, 21: 2896–2903, 2003

Grothey A, Deschler B, Kroening H, et al. Phase III study of bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA) (Mayo) vs weekly high-dose 24h 5-FU infusion/FA + oxaliplatin (OXA) (FUFOX) in advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 21, 2002 (abstr 512)

Pluzanska A, Mainwaring P, Cassidy J, et al. Final results of a randomized phase III study evaluting the addition of oxaliplatin first-line to 5-FU followed bu irinotecan at progression in advanced colorectal cancer (LIFE study). J Clin Oncol, 23: 16S, 2005 (abstr 3517)

Hospers GA, Schaapveld M, Nortier JW, et al. Randomised Phase III study of biweekly 24-h infusion of high-dose 5FU with folinic acid and oxaliplatin versus monthly plus 5-FU/folinic acid in first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol, 17: 443–449, 2006

Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morant RS, et al. A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 22: 23–30, 2004

Venook AP, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D, et al. Phase III study of irinotecan/5FU/LV (FOLFIRI) or oxaliplatin/5FU/LV (FOLFOX) ± cetuximab for patients (pts) with untreated metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum (MCRC): CALGB 80203 preliminary results. J Clin Oncol, 24: 18S, 2006 (abstr 3509)

Borner M, Mingrone W, Koeberle D, et al. The impact of cetuximab on the capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) combination in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC): a randomized phase II trial of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK). J Clin Oncol, 24: 18S, 2006 (abstr 3551)