Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) moderate negative responses of heat-stressed cows

A.O.A.C.—Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 2000 Armstrong, 1994, Heat stress interaction with shade and cooling, J. Dairy Sci., 77, 2044, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77149-6 Bauman, 2001, Regulation and nutritional regulation of milk fat: low-fat milk syndrome, Livest. Prod. Sci., 70, 15, 10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00195-6 Berman, 2005, Estimates of heat stress relief needs for Holstein dairy cows, J. Anim. Sci., 83, 1377, 10.2527/2005.8361377x Bernal-Santos, 2003, Production responses of dairy cows to dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during the transition period and early lactation, J. Dairy Sci., 86, 3218, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73925-3 Castaneda-Gutierrez, 2005, Dietary supplements of two doses of calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid during the transition period and early lactation, J. Dairy Sci., 88, 1078, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72775-2 Chouinard, 1999, Conjugated linoleic acids alter milk fatty acid composition and inhibit milk fat secretion in dairy cows, J. Nutr., 129, 1579, 10.1093/jn/129.8.1579 Christie, 1982, A simple procedure for rapid transmethylation of glycerolipids and cholesteryl esters, J. Lipid Res., 23, 1072, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38081-0 Collier, 2003, Evaluation of two evaporative cooling systems for dairy cattle under semi-arid conditions, J. Dairy Sci., 86, 18 Collier, 2005, Physiological limitations. Nutrient partitioning De Veth, 2005, Comparison of calcium salts and formaldehyde-protected conjugated linoleic acid in inducing milk fat depression, J. Dairy Sci., 88, 1685, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72840-X Drackley, 2003, Responses of primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows to additional energy from fat or concentrate during summer, J. Dairy Sci., 86, 1306, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73714-X Giesy, 2002, Effect of dose of calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on percentage and fatty acid content of milk fat in midlactation Holstein cows, J. Dairy Sci., 85, 2023, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74279-3 Grummer, 1991, Effects of dietary fat on metabolic disorders and reproductive performance of dairy cattle, J. Anim. Sci., 69, 3838, 10.2527/1991.6993838x Hansen, 1999, Strategies for managing reproduction in the heat-stressed dairy cow, J. Dairy Sci., 82, 36 Hara, 1978, Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent, Anal. Biochem., 90, 420, 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90046-5 Johnson, 1988, Short-term heat acclimation effects on hormonal profile of lactating cows, Bull. No. 1061 Kadzere, 2002, Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: a review, Livest. Prod. Sci., 77, 59, 10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00330-X Knapp, 1991, Response of lactating dairy cows to fat supplementation during heat stress, J. Dairy Sci., 74, 2573, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78435-X Loor, 1998, Exogenous conjugated linoleic acid isomers reduce bovine milk fat concentration and yield by inhibiting de novo fatty acid synthesis, J. Nutr., 128, 2411, 10.1093/jn/128.12.2411 Lu, 2003, Functional characterization of mammary gland of Holstein cows under humid tropical summer climates, Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 16, 988, 10.5713/ajas.2003.988 Lucy, 2001, Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: where will it end?, J. Dairy Sci., 84, 1277, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)70158-0 Mackle, 2003, Effects of abomasal infusion of conjugated linoleic acid on milk fat concentration and yield form pasture-fed dairy cows, J. Dairy Sci., 86, 644, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73642-X Maltz, 1994, Diurnal fluctuations in plasma ions and water intake of dairy cows as affected by lactation in warm weather, J. Dairy Sci., 77, 2630, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77204-0 McDowell, 1976, Effects of climate on performance of Holsteins in first lactation, J. Dairy Sci., 59, 965, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(76)84305-6 Moore, 2005, Effect of supplemental conjugated linoleic acids on heat-stressed Brown Swiss and Holstein cows, J. Dairy Sci., 88, 1732, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72846-0 Nianogo, 1991, Dietary fat, protein degradability, and calving season: effects on nutrient use and performance of early lactation cows, J. Dairy Sci., 74, 2243, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78397-5 NRC, 2001 Piperova, 2004, Changes in milk fat in response to dietary supplementation with calcium salts of trans-18:1 or conjugated linoleic fatty acids in lactating dairy cows, J. Dairy Sci., 87, 3836, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73523-7 SAS, 2001 Scott, 1983, Effect of programmed diurnal temperature cycles on plasma thyroxine level, body temperature, and feed intake of Holstein dairy cows, Int. J. Biometeorol., 27, 47, 10.1007/BF02186300 Selberg, 2004, Production and metabolic responses of periparturient Holstein cows to dietary conjugated linoleic acid and trans-octadecenoic acids, J. Dairy Sci., 87, 158, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73153-7 Silanikove, 1992, Effects of water scarcity and hot environment on appetite and digestion in ruminants: a review, Livest. Prod. Sci., 30, 175, 10.1016/S0301-6226(06)80009-6 Silanikove, 2000, Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants, Livest. Prod. Sci., 67, 1, 10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00162-7 Valtorta, 2004, Evaporative cooling for Holstein dairy cows under grazing conditions, Int. J. Biometeorol., 48, 213, 10.1007/s00484-003-0196-9 Van Soest, 1991, Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition, J. Dairy Sci., 74, 3583, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2 West, 1999, Nutritional strategies for managing the heat-stressed dairy cow, J. Anim. Sci., 77, 21 West, 2003, Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle, J. Dairy Sci., 86, 2131, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73803-X Yeruham, 2003, Intra-uterine infection with Babesia bovis in a 2-day-old calf, J. Vet. Med. Ser. B-Inf. Dis. Vet. Pub. Health, 50, 60, 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00597.x