Các ưu tiên chính sách năng lượng mâu thuẫn trong quản trị năng lượng của EU

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 8 - Trang 239-248 - 2018
Rosa Maria Fernandez1
1Department of Social and Political Science, University of Chester, Chester, UK

Tóm tắt

Trong thập kỷ qua, các chính sách năng lượng ở các quốc gia thành viên EU đã có sự thay đổi, với những lo ngại xuất hiện về tính khả thi của các mục tiêu giảm cacbon đã được thiết lập ở cấp độ châu Âu. Trong nhiều trường hợp, những thay đổi này được kích thích bởi điều kiện kinh tế suy yếu liên quan đến cuộc khủng hoảng kinh tế quốc tế lần cuối (2008), nhưng trong một số trường hợp khác, chúng phản ánh sở thích chính trị quốc gia được ưu tiên hơn so với các mục tiêu dài hạn liên quan đến tính bền vững. Nửa cuối năm 2016 đặc biệt đầy sự kiện, vừa tạo ra sự không chắc chắn trên các thị trường, vừa có thể ảnh hưởng đến tiến trình (có thể làm suy yếu và định hướng sai lầm) hướng tới Liên minh Năng lượng, cố gắng gần đây nhằm đạt được sự hội nhập thị trường năng lượng của các thể chế EU. Bài báo này sẽ tập trung vào ba sự kiện để phân tích ảnh hưởng của chúng đối với các mô hình quản trị năng lượng của EU: Thứ nhất là cuộc bỏ phiếu Brexit và những tác động của nó đến ngân sách có sẵn cho các dự án giảm phát thải. Thứ hai là cuộc bầu cử Donald Trump làm tổng thống Hoa Kỳ, với sự thiếu niềm tin đã được công khai của ông vào biến đổi khí hậu. Cuối cùng nhưng không kém phần quan trọng là quyết định gần đây của OPEC về việc cắt giảm sản xuất để tăng giá dầu. Ngoại trừ Brexit, các sự kiện này đều nằm ngoài EU, nhưng tất cả chúng sẽ có tác động đến các quyết định chính sách năng lượng của EU. Cần lưu ý rằng các mục tiêu được thiết lập cho năm 2030 đã 'mềm mại' hơn so với mong đợi so với các mục tiêu năm 2020, câu hỏi đặt ra là liệu những sự kiện này có thể khiến các nhà hoạch định chính sách hướng nhiều hơn về các mục tiêu châu Âu liên quan đến an ninh cung cấp, điều này mâu thuẫn với các mục tiêu giảm phát thải hay không.

Từ khóa

#EU #chính sách năng lượng #quản trị #Brexit #Donald Trump #OPEC #giảm phát thải #hội nhập thị trường năng lượng.

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