Conduction through demyelinated plaques in multiple sclerosis: computer simulations of facilitation by short internodes.

Bostock, H., and Sears, T. A. (1976). Continuous conduction in demyelinated mammalian nerve fibres. Nature, 263, 786-787.

Brill, M. H., Waxman, S. G., Moore, J. W., and Joyner, R. W. (1977). Conduction velocity and spike configuration in myelinated fibres: computed dependence of internode distance. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 40, 769774.

Davis, F. A., and Jacobson S. (1971). Altered thermal sensitivity in injured and demyelinated nerve. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 34, 551-561.

Dodge, F. A., and Cooley, J. W. (1973). Action potential of the motoneuron. IBM Journal of Research and Development. 17, 219-229.

FitzHugh, R. (1962). Computation of impulse initiation and saltatory conduction in a myelinated nerve fiber. Biophysical Journal, 2, 11-21.

Ghatak, N. R., Hirano, A., Lijtmaer, H., and Zimmerman, H. M. (1974). Asymptomatic demyelinated plaque in the spinal cord. A rchives of Neurology (Chicago), 30, 484-486.

Gledhill, R. F., Harrison, B. M.. and McDonald, W. I. (1973). Pattern of remyelination in the CNS. Nature, 244, 443-444.

Goldstein, S. S., and Rall, W. (1974). Changes of action potential shape and velocity for changing core conductor geometry. Biophysical Journal, 14, 731-757.

Halliday, A. M., and McDonald, W. I. (1977). Pathophysiology of demyelinating disease. British Medical Bulletin, 33, 21-27.

Halliday, A. M., McDonald, W. I., and Mushin, J. (1973). Visual evoked response in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. British Medical Journal, 4, 661664.

Hodgkin, A. L., and Huxley, A. F. (1952). A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. Journal of Physiology (London), 117, 500-544.

Khodorov, B. I., Timin, Y. N., Vilenkins S. Y., and Gulko, F. B. (1969). Theoretical analysis of the mechanisms of conduction of nerve impulse over an inhomogeneous axon: conduction through a portion with increased diameter. Biofizika, 14, 304315.

Koles, Z. J., and Rasminsky, M. (1972). A computer simulation of conduction in demyelinated nerve fibres. Journal of Physiology, 227, 351-364.

Moore, J. W., Ramon, F., and Joyner, R. WV. (1975). Axon voltage-clamp simulations I. Methods and tests. Biophysical Journal, 15, 11-24.

Moore, J. W., Joyner, R. W., Brill, M. H., Waxman, S. G., and Najar-Joa, M. (1978). Simulations of conduction in myelinated fibres: relative sensitivity to changes in nodal and internodal parameters. Biophysical Journal, 21, 147-160.

Namerow, N. S., and Thompson, L. R. (1969). Plaques. symptoms, and the remitting course of multiple sclerosis. Neurology (Minneapolis), 19, 765-774. Parna,, I., Hochstein, S.. and Parnas, H. (1976). Theoretical analysis of parameters leading to frequency modulation along an inhomogeneous axon. Journal of Neurophysiology, 39, 909-923.

Ramon, F., Joyner, R. W., and Moore, J. WV. (1975). Propagation of action potentials in inhomogeneous axon regions. Federation Proceedings, 34, 13571363.

Rasminsky, M. (1973). The effects of temperature on conduction in demyelinated single nerve fibers.

Rasminsky, M. (1978). Physiology of conduction in demyelinated axons. In Physiology and Pathobiology of Axons, pp. 361-376. Edited by S. G. Waxman. Raven Press: New York. Rasminsky, M., and Sears, T. A. (1972). Internodal conduction in undissected demyelinated nerve fibres. Journal of Physiology, 227, 323-350. Rasminsky. M., Kearney, R. E., Aguayo, A. J., and Bray, G. M. (1977). Conduction of nervous impulses in spinal roots and peripheral nerves of dystrophic mice. Brain Rescarch. In press.

Revenko, S. V., Timin, Ye. N., and Khodorov. B. I. (1973). Special features of the conduction of ncrvc impulses from the myelinized part of the axon into the non-myelinated terminal. Biofizika, 18, 1074-1078.

Ritchie, J. M., and Rogart, R. B. (1977). The density of sodium channels in mammalian myelinated nerve fibres and the nature of the axonal membrane under the myelin sheath. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 74, 211-215.

Schauf, C. L., and Davis, F. A. (1974). Impulse conduction in multiple sclerosis: a theoretical basis for modification by temperature and pharmacological agents. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery.

Suzuki, K., Andrews, J. M., Waltz, J. M., and Terry, R. D. (1969). Ultrastructural studies of multiple sclerosis. Laboratory Investigation, 20, 444-454.

Waxman, S. G. (1970). Closely spaced nodes of Ranvier in the teleost brain. Nature, 227, 283-284.

Waxman, S. G. (1972). Regional differentiation of the axon: a review vith special reference to the concept of the multiplex neuron. Brain Research, 47, 269-288.

Waxman, S. G. (1975). Integrative properties and design principles of axons. International Review of Neurobiology, 18, 1-40.

Waxman, S. G. (1977). Conduction in myelinated, unmyelinated, and demyelinated fibres. A rchives of Neurology (Chicago), 34, 585-589.

Waxman, S. G., Bradley, W. G., and Hartwieg, E. A. (1978). Organization of the axolemma in amyelinated axons: a cytochemical study in dy/dy dystrophic mice. Proceedings of the Royal Society.

Series B. In press.