Tổng quan ngắn gọn: Vai trò của tế bào gốc trung mô trong quá trình phục hồi vết thương
Tóm tắt
Việc hồi phục vết thương đòi hỏi một sự tương tác phối hợp giữa các tế bào, yếu tố tăng trưởng và protein ma trận ngoại bào. Tế bào gốc trung mô (MSC) nội sinh là trung tâm của quá trình này, góp phần điều phối phản ứng sửa chữa bằng cách thu hút các tế bào khác từ cơ thể và tiết ra các yếu tố tăng trưởng cùng protein ma trận. MSC là những tế bào gốc đa năng có khả năng tự phục hồi, có thể biệt hóa thành nhiều loại tế bào có nguồn gốc trung mô khác nhau như xương, sụn, gân và mỡ. Ngoài khả năng biệt hóa đa dòng, MSC còn điều hòa phản ứng miễn dịch và viêm, đồng thời sở hữu các cơ chế bảo vệ và sửa chữa mô mạnh mẽ, khiến cho các tế bào này trở nên hấp dẫn cho việc điều trị nhiều bệnh lý khác nhau. Hiệu quả tích cực của MSC ngoại sinh trong việc hồi phục vết thương đã được quan sát thấy ở nhiều mô hình động vật và trong các trường hợp lâm sàng đã được báo cáo. Cụ thể, chúng đã được sử dụng thành công để điều trị các vết thương mạn tính và kích thích các quá trình lành lại đã bị ngưng trệ. Các nghiên cứu gần đây đã phát hiện ra rằng màng nhau thai người là nguồn giàu MSC cho việc tái tạo và sửa chữa mô. Bài tổng quan này cung cấp một tóm tắt ngắn gọn về những hiểu biết hiện tại về các thuộc tính sinh học của MSC và mô tả việc sử dụng MSC trong hồi phục vết thương. Đặc biệt, phạm vi của bài tổng quan này tập trung vào vai trò của MSC trong từng giai đoạn của quá trình hồi phục vết thương. Ngoài ra, sự đặc trưng của MSC chứa tế bào thay thế da cũng được mô tả, cho thấy sự hiện diện của các yếu tố tăng trưởng và cytokine chủ chốt đặc biệt phù hợp để hỗ trợ trong việc sửa chữa vết thương.
Từ khóa
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