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Khung khái niệm về việc thực thi các quy định môi trường: tầm quan trọng và những trở ngại đối với vai trò của thị trường trong thiết kế chính sách
Tóm tắt
Bài viết này đề xuất một cách tiếp cận cụ thể về khái niệm thực thi thị trường. Nó lập luận rằng việc chịu tổn thất tài chính nặng nề trên thị trường công cộng đơn thuần không cấu thành việc thực thi hiệu quả nếu những tổn thất này ít hơn chi phí xã hội của các vi phạm liên quan. Nếu chi phí xã hội của các vi phạm lớn hơn những tổn thất riêng tư của các cổ đông, thì điều này cấu thành một chuyển giao tài sản ngầm từ công chúng sang các bên liên quan của thực thể gây ô nhiễm. Tầm quan trọng của cách tiếp cận này là nhiều chương trình chính sách một phần dựa trên giả định về sự tồn tại của thực thi thị trường. Có những chi phí xã hội nếu giả định này không đúng. Cách tiếp cận để xây dựng thực thi thị trường trong các quy định môi trường được trình bày trong bài viết này cung cấp bối cảnh cho một sự phát triển khả thi của lý thuyết về hình phạt tối ưu cho các vi phạm quy định môi trường, tương tự như lý thuyết về hình phạt tối ưu trong pháp luật.
Từ khóa
#thực thi thị trường #quy định môi trường #chi phí xã hội #vi phạm môi trường #hình phạt tối ưuTài liệu tham khảo
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