Concepts and Methodologies for Measuring the Sustainability of Cities

Annual Review of Environment and Resources - Tập 39 Số 1 - Trang 519-547 - 2014

María Yetano Roche¹, Stefan Lechtenböhmer¹, Manfred Fischedick¹, Marie-Christine Gröne¹, Chun Xia¹, Carmen Dienst¹

¹Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Wuppertal 42004, Germany;, , , , ,

Tóm tắt

In recent decades, better data and methods have become available for understanding the complex functioning of cities and their impacts on sustainability. This review synthesizes the recent developments in concepts and methods being used to measure the impacts of cities on environmental sustainability. It differentiates between a dominant trend in research literature that concentrates on the accounting and allocation of greenhouse gas emissions and energy use to cities and a reemergence of studies that focus on the direct and indirect material and resource flows in cities. The methodological approaches reviewed may consider cities as either producers or consumers, and all recognize that urban environmental impacts can be local, regional, or global. As well as giving an overview of the methodological debates, we examine the implications of the different approaches for policy and the challenges these approaches face in their application in the field.

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