Concentrations, sources and exposure risks associated with particulate matter in the Middle East Area—a review

Vasiliki Tsiouri1, Konstantinos Kakosimos1, Prashant Kumar2
1Department of Chemical Engineering and Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abal AT, Ayed A, Nair PC, Mosawi M, Behbehani N (2010) Factors responsible for asthma and rhinitis among Kuwaiti schoolchildren. Med Princ Pract 19:295–298

Abdel-Moati MA (2008) Efforts to protect Qatar environment, Supreme Council for the Environment and Natural Reserves. Paper presented at the Human Health & Environmental Challenges, Doha

Akbari S (2011) Dust storms, sources in the Middle East and economic model for survey it s impacts. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 5:227–233

Al-Dawood K (2000) Epidemiology of bronchial asthma among schoolboys in Al-Khobar city, Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional study. Croat Med J 41:437–441

Alharbi BH, Maghrabi A, Tapper N (2013) The March 2009 dust event in Saudi Arabia: precursor and supportive environment. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 94:515–528. doi: 10.1175/bams-d-11-00118.1

Al-Katheeri E, Al-Jallad F, Al-Omar M (2012) Assessment of gaseous and particulate pollutants in the ambient air in Al Mirfa City, United Arab Emirates. J Environ Prot 3(7):640–647. doi: 10.4236/jep.2012.37077

Alolayan MA, Brown KW, Evans JS, Bouhamra WS, Koutrakis P (2013) Source apportionment of fine particles in Kuwait City. Sci Total Environ 448:14–25

Al-Zubi A (2011) Evaluation of the Jordanian environmental legislations. World Appl SciJ 14:1438–1444

Amato F et al (2011) Sources and variability of inhalable road dust particles in three European cities. Atmos Environ 45:6777–6787. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.003

Babu CA, Samah AA, Varikoden H (2011) Rainfall climatology over Middle East region and its variability. Int J Water Resour Arid Environ 1:180–192

Braunstein R, Goren A (2000) Changes with time in air pollution levels in Tel-Aviv and their effects on mortality. Epidemiology 11:S126

Brook RD et al (2010) Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121:2331–2378

Brown KW, Bouhamra W, Lamoureux DP, Evans JS, Koutrakis P (2008) Characterization of particulate matter for three sites in Kuwait. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 58:994–1003

Bu-Olayan AH, Thomas BV (2011) Monitoring the dust deposition rate and trace metals levels in PM 1.0 from industrial areas of Kuwait. Arch Environ Sci 5:11–16

Chen LC, Lippmann M (2009) Effects of metals within ambient air particulate matter (PM) on human health. Inhalation Toxicol 21:1–31

Colls J, Tiwary A (2010) Air pollution measurement, modelling and mitigation. CRC Press; 3 edition (19 Aug 2009)

Colvile RN, Gómez-Perales JE, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ (2003) Use of dispersion modelling to assess road-user exposure to PM2.5 and its source apportionment. Atmos Environ 37:2773–2782. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00217-6

Cooper JA, Watson JG (1980) Receptor oriented methods of air particulate source apportionment. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 30:1116–1125. doi: 10.1080/00022470.1980.10465157

Dempsey F (2013) Forest fire effects on air quality in Ontario: evaluation of several recent examples. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 94:1059–1064. doi: 10.1175/bams-d-11-00202.1

Dockery DW, Pope CA 3rd (1994) Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution. Annu Rev Public Health 15:107–132

Dockery DW et al (1993) An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med 329:1753–1759. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199312093292401

Dominici F, Peng RD, Bell ML, Pham L, McDermott A, Zeger SL, Samet JM (2006) Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. JAMA 295:1127–1134. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.10.1127

Dorevitch S, Demirtas H, Perksy VW, Erdal S, Conroy L, Schoonover T, Scheff PA (2006) Demolition of high-rise public housing increases particulate matter air pollution in communities of high-risk asthmatics. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 56:1022–1032

Draxler RR, Gillette DA, Kirkpatrick JS, Heller J (2001) Estimating PM10 air concentrations from dust storms in Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Atmos Environ 35:4315–4330. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00159-5

EAD (2014) The national ambient air quality standards for Environment Agency Abu Dhabi (EAD). Available at: https://www.adairquality.ae/en/home/theme.aspx?ThemeID=bc1b661a-ba6e-4ef9-866a-639bb1e5bfde . Accessed May 2014

EC (2010) European Commission, air quality standards. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/standards.htm . Accessed May 2014

ELARD (2009) Environmental and social impact assessment of construction and operation of Syria cement and captive power plant and associated quarrying activities, Syria. Earth Link and Advanced Resources Development S.A.R.L. (ELARD). submitted to Syrian Cement Company

El-Bagouri IH (2001) Marginal lands of the Arab world—constraints and potentials. In: Regional Workshop on Degradation and Rehabilitation of Marginal Lands in the Arab Region, Cairo, Egypt, 2-4

EMEP/EEA (2013) Air pollution emission inventory guidebook. Technical report No 12/2013

Engelbrecht JP, Jayanty RKM (2013) Assessing sources of airborne mineral dust and other aerosols, in Iraq. Aeolian Res 9:153–160

Engelbrecht JP, McDonald EV, Gillies JA, Gertler AW, Casuccio G (2008) Enhanced particulate matter surveillance program Desert Research Institute, W9124R-05-C-0135/SUBCLIN 000101-ACRNAB

Engelbrecht JP, McDonald EV, Gillies JA, Jayanty RKM, Casuccio G, Gertler AW (2009) Characterizing mineral dusts and other aerosols from the Middle East—part 1: ambient sampling. Inhalation Toxicol 21:297–326. doi: 10.1080/08958370802464273

EPA (2010) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Available at: http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html . Accessed May 2014

ESCWA (2010) Transport for sustainable development for the Arab region: measures, progress achieved challenge and policy framework report

Gibson J, Thomsen J, Launay F, Harder E, DeFelice N (2013) Deaths and medical visits attributable to environmental pollution in the United Arab Emirates. PLoS ONE 8 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057536

Government of Israel (1992) Abatement of nuisances regulations (air quality), 5752

Guenther A et al (1995) A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions. J Geophys Res: Atmos 100:8873–8892. doi: 10.1029/94jd02950

Gunasekar P, Stanek G, Lindsay W (2011) Advances in exposure and toxicity assessment of particulate matter: an overview of presentations at the 2009 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 254:141–144. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.020

Hansen D, Blahout B, Benner D, Popp W (2008) Environmental sampling of particulate matter and fungal spores during demolition of a building on a hospital area. J Hosp Infect 70:259–264

Heal MR, Kumar P, Harrison RM (2012) Particles, air quality, policy and health. Chem Soc Rev 41:6606–6630

Henry RC, Lewis CW, Hopke PK, Williamson HJ (1984) Review of receptor model fundamentals. Atmos Environ 18:1507–1515. doi: 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90375-5 , 1967

HMR (2010) Environmental impact assessment for Sohar-II independent power project. Project No. HMR/2826. Report, July 2010. Environmental Engineering Consultants (HMR)

Holmes NS, Morawska L (2006) A review of dispersion modelling and its application to the dispersion of particles: an overview of different dispersion models available. Atmos Environ 40:5902–5928

IES (2011) Ambient air quality. Integrated Environmental Solutions, Article 76. Kuwait Ambient Air Quality Standards

Jayaratne ER, Johnson GR, McGarry P, Cheung HC, Morawska L (2011) Characteristics of airborne ultrafine and coarse particles during the Australian dust storm of 23 September 2009. Atmos Environ 45:3996–4001

Jimenez JL et al (2009) Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Science 326:1525–1529. doi: 10.1126/science.1180353

Kam W, Liacos JW, Schauer JJ, Delfino RJ, Sioutas C (2012) Size-segregated composition of particulate matter (PM) in major roadways and surface streets. Atmos Environ 55:90–97. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.028

Kappos AD et al (2004) Health effects of particles in ambient air. Int J Hyg Environ Health 207:399–407. doi: 10.1078/1438-4639-00306

Kellogg CA, Griffin DW (2006) Aerobiology and the global transport of desert dust. Trends Ecol Evol 21:638–644. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.07.004

Khamdan SA, Al Madany IM, Buhussain E (2009) Temporal and spatial variations of the quality of ambient air in the Kingdom of Bahrain during 2007. Environ Monit Assess 154:241–252

Khodeir M et al (2012) Source apportionment and elemental composition of PM2.5 and PM10 in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Atmos Poll Res 3:331–340

Kouyoumdjian H, Saliba NA (2006) Mass concentration and ion composition of coarse and fine particles in an urban area in Beirut: effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of nitric and sulfuric acids and the depletion of chloride. Atmos Chem Phys 6:1865–1877. doi: 10.5194/acp-6-1865-2006

Kumar P, Robins A, Vardoulakis S, Britter R (2010) A review of the characteristics of nanoparticles in the urban atmosphere and the prospects for developing regulatory controls. Atmos Environ 44:5035–5052. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.016

Kumar P, Gurjar BR, Nagpure AS, Harrison RM (2011a) Preliminary estimates of nanoparticle number emissions from road vehicles in Megacity Delhi and associated health impacts. Environ Sci Technol 45:5514–5521. doi: 10.1021/es2003183

Kumar P, Ketzel M, Vardoulakis S, Pirjola L, Britter R (2011b) Dynamics and dispersion modelling of nanoparticles from road traffic in the urban atmospheric environment—a review. J Aerosol Sci 42:580–603. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.06.001

Kumar P, Robins A, Vardoulakis S, Quincey P (2011c) Technical challenges in tackling regulatory concerns for urban atmospheric nanoparticles. Particuology 9:566–571. doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2011.06.002

Kumar P, Mulheron M, Fisher B, Harrison R (2012a) New directions: airborne ultrafine particle dust from building activities—a source in need of quantification. Atmos Environ 56:262–264

Kumar P, Mulheron M, Som C (2012b) Release of ultrafine particles from three simulated building processes. J Nanopart Res 14:1–14. doi: 10.1007/s11051-012-0771-2

Kumar P, Pirjola L, Ketzel M, Harrison RM (2013) Nanoparticle emissions from 11 non-vehicle exhaust sources—a review. Atmos Environ 67:252–277. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.011

Kumar P et al (2014) Ultrafine particles in cities. Environ Int 66:1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.013

Kurosaki Y, Mikami M (2003) Recent frequent dust events and their relation to surface wind in East Asia. Geophys Res Lett 30:1736. doi: 10.1029/2003gl017261

Kutiel H, Furman H (2003) Dust storms in the Middle East: sources of origin and their temporal characteristics. Indoor Built Environ 12:419–426. doi: 10.1177/1420326x03037110

Laden F, Neas LM, Dockery DW, Schwartz J (2000) Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environ Health Perspect 108:941–947

Laupsa HDB, Larssen S, Schaug J (2009) Source apportionment of particulate matter (PM2.5) in an urban area using dispersion, receptor and inverse modelling. Atmos Environ 43:4733–4744. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.010

LEDO (2001) Lebanon state of the environment report. Ministry of Environment/Lebanese Environment and Development Observatory (LEDO) and ECODIT Liban. Beirut, Lebanon

Léon J-F, Legrand M (2003) Mineral dust sources in the surroundings of the north Indian Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 30:1309. doi: 10.1029/2002gl016690

Lim SS et al (2012) A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380:2224–2260

Massoud R et al (2011) Intraurban variability of PM10 and PM2.5 in an eastern Mediterranean city. Atmos Res 101:893–901. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.05.019

MoE-Lebanon (2010) Republic of Lebanon, Ministry of the Environment. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.lb/Sectors/Biodiversity-Forests.aspx . Accessed May 2014

Nabi BGR, Halek F (2007) Aerosol size segregated of Tehran’s atmosphere in Iran. Int J Environ Res 1:58–65

NAS (2010) Review of the Department of Defense, US. Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. National Research Council. ISBN 978-0-309-15413-0

OAPEC (2009) The Secretary General’s 36th annual report. Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), Kuwait

OAPEC (2010) Petroleum industry and trade vol 31. Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), Kuwait

Pant P, Harrison RM (2012) Critical review of receptor modelling for particulate matter: a case study of India. Atmos Environ 49:1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.060

Pant P, Harrison RM (2013) Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: a review. Atmos Environ 77:78–97

Papayannis A et al (2008) Systematic lidar observations of Saharan dust over Europe in the frame of EARLINET (2000–2002). J Geophys Res D: Atmos 113:D10204. doi: 10.1029/2007jd009028

PME (2012) Ambient air quality standard. These standards amend the current General Environmental Regulation (GER) Standards for the Environment through document number 1409-01 which appends the GER and is issued and enforced by the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME)

Pope J (2011) Qatar's construction sector in WWL -WHO'SWHOLEGAL. Available at: www.whoswholegal.com/news/features/article/29005/qatars-construction-sector . Accessed May 2014

Pope CA, Dockery DW (2006) Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 56:709–742

Pope CA 3rd, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD (2002) Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 287:1132–1141

Saliba N, Massoud R (2011) A comparative review of PM levels, sources, and their likely fates in the Eastern Mediterranean region. In: Zereini F, Wiseman CLS (eds) Urban airborne particulate matter. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp 3-17. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-12278-1_1

Sarnat JA et al (2010) Assessing the spatial and temporal variability of fine particulate matter components in Israeli, Jordanian, and Palestinian cities. Atmos Environ 44:2383–2392. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.007

Shahsavani A et al (2012) The evaluation of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) events in Ahvaz, Iran, from April through September 2010. J Arid Environ 77:72–83. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.09.007

Shao Y (2008) Physics and modelling of wind erosion. vol Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library, 2nd Edition edn. Springer, Berlin

Sowlat MH, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Jackson PL, Shahsavani A (2012) Source apportionment of total suspended particulates in an arid area in southwestern Iran using positive matrix factorization. B Environ Contam Tox 88:735–740. doi: 10.1007/s00128-012-0560-8

Sowlat MH, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Jackson PL, Lotfi S, Shahsavani A (2013) PM10 source apportionment in Ahvaz, Iran, using positive matrix factorization. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 41:1143–1151. doi: 10.1002/clen.201200131

Sun H et al (2012) Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to airborne particulate matter collected from Saudi Arabia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 265:147–157

Swaine MD (1997) Ecology of forest trees in Ghana: ODA Forest Ecology and Training Project (FETP), ODI Forestry Research Programme (R4740) 1991-5. Overseas Development Administration

Thalib L, Al-Taiar A (2012) Dust storms and the risk of asthma admissions to hospitals in Kuwait. Sci Total Environ 433:347–351

Tolba MK, Saab NW (2008) Arab environment future challenges. Report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development

Vedal S, Brauer M, White R, Petkau J (2003) Air pollution and daily mortality in a city with low levels of pollution. Environ Health Perspect 111:45–52

von Schneidemesser E et al (2010) Seasonal and spatial trends in the sources of fine particle organic carbon in Israel, Jordan, and Palestine. Atmos Environ 44:3669–3678. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.039

Waked A, Afif C (2012) Emissions of air pollutants from road transport in Lebanon and other countries in the Middle East region. Atmos Environ 61:446–452. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.064

Waked A, Afif C, Seigneur C (2012) An atmospheric emission inventory of anthropogenic and biogenic sources for Lebanon. Atmos Environ 50:88–96. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.058

Wang S, Wang J, Zhou Z, Shang K (2005) Regional characteristics of three kinds of dust storm events in China. Atmos Environ 39:509–520. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.033

Washington R, Todd M, Middleton NJ, Goudie AS (2003) Dust-storm source areas determined by the total ozone monitoring spectrometer and surface observations. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 93:297–313. doi: 10.1111/1467-8306.9302003

WHO (2006) Air quality guidelines global update 2005 particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. World Health Organization, Denmark

WHO (2011) Air pollution—health topics. Available at: http://www.who.int/topics/air_pollution/en/ . Accessed May 2014

WRI (2012) Drylands, people and ecosystem goods and services: a web-based geospatial analysis. World Resources Institute. Available at: http://www.wri.org . Accessed May 2014

Zanobetti A, Schwartz J (2007) Particulate air pollution, progression, and survival after myocardial infarction. Environ Health Perspect 115:769–775