Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective

Aggazzotti, 2004, Chlorination by-products (CBPs) in drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Italy, J. Water Health, 2, 233, 10.2166/wh.2004.0021 Choi, 2002, Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from reaction of monochloramine: a new disinfection by-product, Water Res., 36, 817, 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00303-7 Council Directive 98/83/EC. Of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Official Journal of the European Communities , 1998. Eaton, 2005, Standard method 6232B, trihalometanes and chlorinated organic solvents: liquid–liquid extraction gas chromatographic method Feder, 2009, Evaluating sufficient similarity for disinfection by-product (DBP) mixtures: multivariate statistical procedures, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 72, 468, 10.1080/15287390802608965 Hinckley, 2005, Late pregnancy exposures to disinfection by-products and growth-related birth outcomes, Environ. Health Perspect., 113, 1808, 10.1289/ehp.8282 Hoffman, 2008, Drinking water disinfection by-product exposure and fetal growth, Epidemiology, 19, 729, 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181812bd4 IARC, 2004, Vol. 84 Komulainen, 1997, Carcinogenicity of the drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in the rat, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 89, 848, 10.1093/jnci/89.12.848 Krasner, 2006, Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7175, 10.1021/es060353j Kronberg, 1989, Chemistry of mutagenic by-products of water chlorination, Sci. Total Environ., 219, 10.1016/0048-9697(89)90128-9 McDonald, 2005, Carcinogenicity of the chlorination disinfection by-product MX, J. Environ. Sci. Health., Part C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev., 23, 163, 10.1080/10590500500234988 Mitch, 2002, Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from dimethylamine during chlorination, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 588, 10.1021/es010684q Plewa, 2008, Comparative mammalian cell toxicity of N-DBPs and C-DBPs, 36 Rantakokko, 2004, Matrix effects in the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of brominated analogues of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, J. Chromatogr. A, 1028, 179, 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.12.008 Real Decreto num 1138/1990. 14 Septiembre 1990, AGUAS. Reglamentación técnico-Sanitaria para el abastecimiento y control de calidad de las potables de consumo público. BOE 20 septiembre 1990 (num.226). 1990. Richardson, 2008, Occurrence and mammalian cell toxicity of iodinated disinfection by products in drinking water, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8330, 10.1021/es801169k Richardson, 2007, Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research, Mutat. Res., 636, 178, 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.09.001 Romero, 1997, Identification and quantification of the mutagenic compound 3-chloro-4-(dichlormethyl)-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in chlorine-treated water, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 715, 10.1007/s001289900539 Schenck, 2009, Correlations of water quality parameters with mutagenicity of chlorinated drinking water samples, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 72, 461, 10.1080/15287390802608940 Singer, 1989, Correlations between trihalomethanes and total organic halides formed during water treatment, J. Am. Water Works Assn., 81, 61, 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1989.tb03260.x Stevens, 1989, Formation and control of non-trihalomethane disinfection by-products, J. Am. Water Works Assn., 81, 61 Suzuki, 1995, Brominated analogues of MX (3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone) in chlorinated drinking water, Chemosphere, 30, 1557, 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00049-E Tardiff, 2006, Updated weight of evidence for an association between adverse reproductive and developmental effects and exposure to disinfection by-products, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 45, 185, 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.03.001 Trabaris M., Laskin J.D., Weisel C.P.: 2011. Percutaneous absorption of haloacetonitriles and chloral hydrate and simulated human exposures. J. Appl. Toxicol. Tung, 2006, HAA removal by GAC adsorption, J. Am. Water Works Assn., 98, 107, 10.1002/j.1551-8833.2006.tb07687.x USEPA. Method 551.1: Determination of Chlorination Disinfection Byproducts, Chlorinated Solvents, and Halogenated Pesticides/Herbicides in Drinking Water by Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection, Revision 1.0. National Exposure Research Laboratory, USEPA Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. 1995. USEPA. Method 552.3, 2003. Determination of haloacetic acids and dalapon in drinking water by liquid–liquid microextraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. EPA 815-B-03-002. Cincinnati, OH. Ventura, 1985, Factors influencing the high content of brominated trihalomethanes in Barcelona's water supply (Spain), Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 35, 73, 10.1007/BF01636483 Villanueva, 2004, Disinfection byproducts and bladder cancer: a pooled analysis, Epidemiology, 15, 357, 10.1097/01.ede.0000121380.02594.fc Wei, 2010, Spatial and temporal evaluations of disinfection by-products in drinking water distribution systems in Beijing, China, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 4600, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.053 WHO, 2011. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Fourth Edition, online at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548151_eng.pdf (accessed 1st September 2011). Wright, 2002, 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) and mutagenic activity in Massachusetts drinking water, Environ. Health Perspect., 110, 157, 10.1289/ehp.02110157 Xu, 2002, Percutaneous absorption of trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and haloketones, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 184, 19, 10.1006/taap.2002.9494 Xu, 2003, Inhalation exposure to haloacetic acids and haloketones during showering, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 569, 10.1021/es025747z Xu, 2005, Dermal uptake of chloroform and haloketones during bathing, J. Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol., 15, 289, 10.1038/sj.jea.7500404 Zhang, 2000, Characterization and comparison of disinfection by-products of four major disinfectants, 299