Nồng độ và phân loại HCHs và DDTs trong đất từ hạ lưu sông Jiulong, Trung Quốc

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering - Tập 6 - Trang 177-183 - 2011
Jiaquan Zhang1,2, Shihua Qi1, Xinli Xing1, Lingzhi Tan1, Wei Chen1, Ying Hu1, Dan Yang1, Chenxi Wu1
1State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, and School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
2School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huangshi Institute of Technology, Huangshi, China

Tóm tắt

Đất là một nguồn quan trọng cho môi trường và các sinh vật khác về sự tích lũy sinh học của các loại thuốc trừ sâu hữu cơ clo (OCPs). Hai mươi bốn mẫu đất bề mặt đại diện đã được thu thập từ hạ lưu sông Jiulong, Trung Quốc, vào năm 2009. Nồng độ của các đồng phân hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) dao động từ 0,38 đến 39,52 ng·g−1, với giá trị trung bình là 9,51 ng·g−1. Nồng độ của dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) và các sản phẩm chuyển hóa của chúng nằm trong khoảng 0,94–700,99 ng·g−1, với giá trị trung bình là 71,17 ng·g−1. Nồng độ của HCHs và DDTs trong đất thấp hơn mức cấp độ một (50 ng·g−1) theo Tiêu chuẩn Chất lượng Môi trường Trung Quốc (GB15618-1995). Phân tích Cụm Phân cấp (HCA) và Phân tích Tương quan Bivariate của Pearson (PCA) đã được sử dụng để phân tích sự phân bố và mức độ ô nhiễm của OCP trong khu vực này. Kết quả cho thấy DDTs là chất ô nhiễm chính và không có sự tương quan đáng kể giữa nồng độ các OCP khác nhau với tổng hàm lượng carbon hữu cơ (TOC). Một tương quan dương đáng kể đã được quan sát giữa HCHs và DDTs (p<0,01), cho thấy rằng HCHs và DDTs có thể có nguồn gốc và số phận tương tự trong khu vực nghiên cứu.

Từ khóa

#HCHs #DDTs #thuốc trừ sâu hữu cơ clo #ô nhiễm đất #sông Jiulong #phân tích tương quan #phân tích cụm phân cấp.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Zhang L F, Dong L, Shi S X, Zhou L, Zhang T, Huang Y R. Organochlorine pesticides contamination in surface soils from two pesticide factories in Southeast China. Chemosphere, 2009, 77(5): 628–633 Li Y F. Global technical hexachlorocyclohexane usage and its contamination consequences in the environment: From 1948 to 1997. Science of the Total Environment, 1999, 232(3): 121–158 Tao S, Liu W X, Li Y, Yang Y, Zuo Q, Li B G, Cao J. Organochlorine pesticides contaminated surface soil as reemission source in the Haihe Plain, China. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(22): 8395–8400 Qiu X H, Zhu T, Yao B, Hu J X, Hu S W. Contribution of dicofol to the current DDT pollution in China. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(12): 4385–4390 Meijer S N, Shoeib M, Jantunen L M M, Jones K C, Harner T. Airsoil exchange of organochlorine pesticides in agricultural soils. 1. Field measurements using a novel in situ sampling device. Environmental Science & Technology, 2003, 37(7): 1292–1299 Tieyu W, Yonglong L, Hong Z, Yajuan S. Contamination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and relevant management in China. Environment International, 2005, 31(6): 813–821 Cao H Y, Liang T, Tao S, Zhang C S. Simulating the temporal changes of OCP pollution in Hangzhou, China. Chemosphere, 2007, 67(7): 1335–1345 Hao H T, Sun B, Zhao Z H. Effect of land use change from paddy to vegetable field on the residues of organochlorine pesticides in soils. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 2008, 156(3): 1046–1052 Tao S, Yang Y, Cao H Y, Liu WX, Coveney RM, Xu F L, Cao J, Li B G, Wang X J, Hu J Y, Fang J Y. Modeling the dynamic changes in concentrations of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) in Tianjin region from 1953 to 2020. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 2006, 139(1): 183–193 Miglioranza K, Moreno J, Moreno V. Trends in soil science: Organochlorine pesticides in Argentinean soils. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2003, 3(4): 264–265 Hu W, Lu Y, Wang T, Luo W, Zhang X, Geng J, Wang G, Shi Y, Jiao W, Chen C. Factors affecting HCH and DDT in soils around watersheds of Beijing reservoirs, China. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2010, 32(2): 85–94 Hong H, Wang X, Xu L, Chen W, Zhang L, Zhang Z. Trace organic pollutants in the southeast estuarine environments of China. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2000, 35(10): 1833–1847 Zhang Z L, Hong H S, Zhou J L, Dai M H, Maskaouib K, Chen W Q. Contamination by organochlorine pesticides in the estuaries of southeast China. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2002, 18(2): 153–160 Zhang Z L, Hong H S, Wang X H, Lin J Q, Chen W Q, Xu L. Determination and load of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides at water from Jiulong River Estuary, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002, 45(1–12): 397–402 Maskaoui K, Zhou J L, Zheng T L, Hong H, Yu Z. Organochlorine micropollutants in the Jiulong River estuary and western Xiamen Sea, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2005, 51(8–12): 950–959 Jiang Y F, Wang X T, Jia Y, Wang F, Wu M H, Sheng G Y, Fu J M. Occurrence, distribution and possible sources of organochlorine pesticides in agricultural soil of Shanghai, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 170(2–3): 989–997 Toan V D, Thao V D, Walder J, Schmutz H R, Ha C T. Contamination by selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface soils in Hanoi, Vietnam. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2007, 78(3–4): 195–200 Cai Q Y, Mo C H, Wu Q T, Katsoyiannis A, Zeng Q Y. The status of soil contamination by semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) in China: A review. The Science of the Total Environment, 2008, 389 (2–3): 209–224 Fu J M, Mai B X, Sheng G Y, Zhang G, Wang XM, Peng P A, Xiao XM, Ran R, Cheng F Z, Peng X Z, Wang Z S, Tang UW. Persistent organic pollutants in environment of the Pearl River Delta, China: an overview. Chemosphere, 2003, 52(9): 1411–1422 Manz M, Wenzel K D, Dietze U, Schüürmann G. Persistent organic pollutants in agricultural soils of central Germany. The Science of the Total Environment, 2001, 277(1-3): 187–198 Li X H, Wang W, Wang J, Cao X L, Wang X F, Liu J C, Liu X F, Xu X B, Jiang X N. Contamination of soils with organochlorine pesticides in urban parks in Beijing, China. Chemosphere, 2008, 70 (9): 1660–1668 Covaci A, Hura C, Schepens P. Selected persistent organochlorine pollutants in Romania. The Science of the Total Environment, 2001, 280(1–3): 143–152 Gong X Y, Qi S H, Wang Y X, Julia E B, Lv C L. Historical contamination and sources of organochlorine pesticides in sediment cores from Quanzhou Bay, Southeast China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2007, 54(9): 1434–1440 Kannan K, Battula S, Loganathan B G, Hong C S, Lam W H, Villeneuve D L, Sajwan K, Giesy J P, Aldous K M. Trace organic contaminants, including toxaphene and trifluralin, in cotton field soils from Georgia and South Carolina, USA. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2003, 45(1): 30–36 Willett K L, Ulrich E M, Hites R A. Differential toxicity and environmental fates of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers. Environmental Science & Technology, 1998, 32(15): 2197–2207 Tao S, Xu F L, Wang X J, Liu W X, Gong Z M, Fang J Y, Zhu L Z, Luo Y M. Organochlorine pesticides in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin, China. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(8): 2494–2499 Walker K, Vallero D A, Lewis R G. Factors influencing the distribution of lindane and other hexachlorocyclohexanes in the environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 1999, 33(24): 4373–4378 Shi Y, Meng F, Guo F, Lu Y, Wang T, Zhang H. Residues of organic chlorinated pesticides in agricultural soils of Beijing, China. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2005, 49(1): 37–44 Qiu X H, Zhu T, Li J, Pan H S, Li Q L, Miao G F, Gong J C. Organochlorine pesticides in the air around the Taihu Lake, China. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004, 38(5): 1368–1374 Zhou R, Zhu L, Yang K, Chen Y. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in surface water and sediments from Qiantang River, East China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006, 137(1): 68–75 Yang X L, Wang S S, Bian Y R, Chen F, Yu G F, Gu C G, Jiang X. Dicofol application resulted in high DDTs residue in cotton fields from northern Jiangsu Province, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 150(1): 92–98 Zhang H, Lu Y L, Dawson R W, Shi Y J, Wang T Y. Classification and ordination of DDT and HCH in soil samples from the Guanting Reservoir, China. Chemosphere, 2005, 60(6): 762–769 Zhang H B, Luo Y M, Zhao Q G, Wong M H, Zhang G L. Residues of organochlorine pesticides in Hong Kong soils. Chemosphere, 2006, 63(4): 633–641 Gong Z M, Tao S, Xu F L, Dawson R, Liu W X, Cui Y H, Cao J, Wang X J, Shen W R, Zhang W J, Qing B P, Sun R. Level and distribution of DDT in surface soils from Tianjin, China. Chemosphere, 2004, 54(8): 1247–1253 Hitch R K, Day H R. Unusual persistence of DDT in some western USA soils. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1992, 48(2): 259–264 Cousins I T, Gevao B, Jones K C. Measuring and modelling the vertical distribution of semivolatile organic compounds in soils. I: PCB and PAH soil core data. Chemosphere, 1999, 39(14): 2507–2518 Li X H, Zhu Y F, Liu X F, Fu S, Xu X B, Cheng H X. Distribution of HCHs and DDTs in soils from Beijing city, China. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2006, 51(3): 329–336