Comprehensive utilization of bauxite residue for simultaneous recovery of base metals and critical elements

Agrawal, 2021, Evaluation of red mud as a polymetallic source – a review, Miner. Eng., 171, 10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107084 Agrawal, 2021, Investigation of mechanical and thermal activation on metal extraction from red mud, Sustain. Mater. Technol., 27 Agrawal, 2021, Microwave acid baking of red mud for extraction of titanium and scandium values, Hydrometallurgy, 204, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105704 Akcil, 2017, Overview on extraction and separation of rare earth elements from red mud: focus on scandium, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 39, 145, 10.1080/08827508.2017.1288116 Alkan, 2018, Novel approach for enhanced scandium and titanium leaching efficiency from bauxite residue with suppressed silica gel formation, Sci. Rep., 8, 5676, 10.1038/s41598-018-24077-9 Anawati, 2019, Recovery of scandium from Canadian bauxite residue utilizing acid baking followed by water leaching, Waste Manag., 95, 549, 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.044 Anawati, 2020, Recovery of strategic materials from Canadian bauxite residue by smelting followed by acid baking–water leaching, 2020, 139 Archambo, 2020, Red mud: fundamentals and new avenues for utilization, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 42, 427, 10.1080/08827508.2020.1781109 Archambo, 2020, Utilization of bauxite residue: recovering iron values using the Iron nugget process, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 42, 222, 10.1080/08827508.2020.1720982 Balomenos, 2012, 2012 Balomnenos, 2016, The Enexal bauxite residue treatment process: Industrial scale pilot plant results, 143 Borra, 2015, Smelting of bauxite residue (red mud) in view of Iron and selective rare earths recovery, J. Sustain. Metall., 2, 28, 10.1007/s40831-015-0026-4 Borra, 2015, Leaching of rare earths from bauxite residue (red mud), Miner. Eng., 76, 20, 10.1016/j.mineng.2015.01.005 Borra, 2016, Recovery of rare earths and other valuable metals from bauxite residue (red mud): a review, J. Sustain. Metall., 2, 365, 10.1007/s40831-016-0068-2 Borra, 2016, Selective recovery of rare earths from bauxite residue by combination of sulfation, roasting and leaching, Miner. Eng., 92, 151, 10.1016/j.mineng.2016.03.002 Bray, 2021, Aluminum Cardenia, 2018, Iron recovery from bauxite residue through reductive roasting and wet magnetic separation, J. Sustain. Metall., 5, 9, 10.1007/s40831-018-0181-5 Di Carlo, 2020, Ecotoxicological risk assessment of revegetated bauxite residue: implications for future rehabilitation programmes, Sci. Total Environ., 698, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134344 Dietzel, 2000, Dissolution of silicates and the stability of polysilicic acid, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64, 3275, 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00426-9 Dimas, 2009, Polymerization in sodium silicate solutions: a fundamental process in geopolymerization technology, J. Mater. Sci., 44, 3719, 10.1007/s10853-009-3497-5 Ding, 2022, Efficient selective extraction of scandium from red mud, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 1 Dubenko, 2020, Mechanism, thermodynamics and kinetics of rutile leaching process by sulfuric acid reactions, Processes, 8, 10.3390/pr8060640 Evans, 2016, The history, challenges, and new developments in the management and use of bauxite residue, J. Sustain. Metall., 2, 316, 10.1007/s40831-016-0060-x Giannopoulou, 2010, Hydrolytic stability of sodium silicate gels in the presence of aluminum, J. Mater. Sci., 45, 5370, 10.1007/s10853-010-4586-1 Grzmil, 2008, Hydrolysis of titanium sulphate compounds, Chem. Pap., 62, 18, 10.2478/s11696-007-0074-8 Habashi, 2005, A short history of hydrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy, 79, 15, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.01.008 Habashi, 2016, A hundred years of the Bayer process for alumina production, Essential Read. Light Metals, 85, 10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_12 Han, 1987, Leaching behavior of ilmenite with sulfuric acid, Metall. Trans. B, 18, 325, 10.1007/BF02656150 Healy, 2022 Hench, 1990, The sol-gel process, Chem. Rev., 90, 33, 10.1021/cr00099a003 Hermanek, 2006, Thermal behaviour of iron(ii) oxalate dihydrate in the atmosphere of its conversion gases, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 10.1039/b514565a Hixson, 1933, Hydrated titanium oxide. Thermal precipitation from titanium sulfate solutions, Ind. Eng. Chem., 25, 262, 10.1021/ie50279a005 Hu, 2021, Mechanism of vanadium selective separation from iron in shale under an environmentally friendly oxalate ligand system, 276 Khairul, 2019, The composition, recycling and utilisation of Bayer red mud, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 141, 483, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.11.006 Lee, 2006, Study on the kinetics of iron oxide leaching by oxalic acid, Int. J. Miner. Process., 80, 144, 10.1016/j.minpro.2006.03.012 Li, 2021, Selective recovery of vanadium from red mud by leaching with using oxalic acid and sodium sulfite, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9, 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105669 Liang, 2005, Leaching kinetics of Panzhihua ilmenite in sulfuric acid, Hydrometallurgy, 76, 173, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.10.006 Liu, 2020, Separation and recovery of vanadium and aluminum from oxalic acid leachate of shale by solvent extraction with Aliquat 336, 249 Majima, 1985, The leaching of hematite in acid solutions, Metall. Trans. B, 16B, 23, 10.1007/BF02657484 Mangiante, 2017, Mechanism of ferric oxalate photolysis, ACS Earth Space Chem., 1, 270, 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00026 Marin Rivera, 2020, Production of calcium carbonate with different morphology by simultaneous CO2 capture and mineralisation, J. CO2 Utiliz., 41, 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101241 Mishra, 2017, Materials sustainability for environment: red-mud treatment, Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 11, 483, 10.1007/s11705-017-1653-z Mishra, 2002, Recovery of value-added products from red mud, Min. Metall. Explor., 19, 87 Monhemius, 2017, The iron elephant: a brief history of hydrometallurgists’ struggles with element no. 26, CIM J., 8, 197, 10.15834/cimj.2017.21 Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou, 2002, Pilot-plant investigation of the leaching process for the recovery of scandium from red mud, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 5794, 10.1021/ie011047b Onghena, 2017, Recovery of scandium from sulfation-roasted leachates of bauxite residue by solvent extraction with the ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, Sep. Purif. Technol., 176, 208, 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.12.009 Reid, 2017, Technospheric mining of rare earth elements from bauxite residue (red mud): process optimization, kinetic investigation, and microwave pretreatment, Sci. Rep., 7, 15252, 10.1038/s41598-017-15457-8 Rivera, 2017, Neutralisation of bauxite residue by carbon dioxide prior to acidic leaching for metal recovery, Miner. Eng., 112, 92, 10.1016/j.mineng.2017.07.011 Roosen, 2016, Recovery of scandium from leachates of Greek bauxite residue by adsorption on functionalized chitosan–silica hybrid materials, Green Chem., 18, 2005, 10.1039/C5GC02225H Ruyters, 2011, The red mud accident in Ajka (Hungary): plant toxicity and trace metal bioavailability in red mud contaminated soil, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1616, 10.1021/es104000m Salmimies, 2012, Acidic dissolution of hematite: kinetic and thermodynamic investigations with oxalic acid, Int. J. Miner. Process., 110-111, 121, 10.1016/j.minpro.2012.04.001 Schwartz, 2000, A kinetic study of the decomposition of spent sulfuric acids at high temperature, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, 2183, 10.1021/ie990801e Sui, 2014, Reaction kinetics of roasting high-titanium slag with concentrated sulfuric acid, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 24, 848, 10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63134-4 Sui, 2015, Recovery of titania from high titanium slag by roasting method using concentrated sulfuric acid, Rare Metals, 34, 895, 10.1007/s12598-014-0359-3 Swain, 2020, Red mud valorization an industrial waste circular economy challenge; review over processes and their chemistry, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1 Tanvar, 2021, Hydrometallurgical recycling of red mud to produce materials for industrial applications: alkali separation, iron leaching and extraction, Metall. Mater. Trans. B Process Metall. Mater. Process. Sci., 52, 3543, 10.1007/s11663-021-02285-5 Taxiarchou, 1997, Dissolution of hematite in acidic oxalate solutions, Hydrometallurgy, 44, 287, 10.1016/S0304-386X(96)00075-8 Tsakiridis, 2004, Red mud addition in the raw meal for the production of Portland cement clinker, J. Hazard. Mater., 116, 103, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.002 Ujaczki, 2018, Re-using bauxite residues: benefits beyond (critical raw) material recovery, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 93, 2498, 10.1002/jctb.5687 Ujaczki, 2019, Recovery of gallium from bauxite residue using combined oxalic acid leaching with adsorption onto zeolite HY, J. Sustain. Metall., 5, 262, 10.1007/s40831-019-00226-w Wang, 2009, Solvent extraction of vanadium from sulfuric acid solution, Rare Metals, 28, 209, 10.1007/s12598-009-0041-3 Zheng, 2015, Effect of impurities on the hydrolysis of low-concentration titanyl sulfate solutions, Res. Chem. Intermed., 41, 5423, 10.1007/s11164-014-1643-4