Comprehensive review of progress made in soil electrokinetic research during 1993–2020, part II. No.1: Materials additives for enhancing the intensification process during 2017–2020

South African Journal of Chemical Engineering - Tập 45 - Trang 182-200 - 2023
Ahmed Abou-Shady1, Sahar Ismail1, Taher M.H. Yossif2, Sally A. Yassin1, Mohamed E.A. Ali3, Ashraf A.M. Habib4, Ali Kh. A. Khalil5, Mohamed A. Tag-Elden1, Tamer M. Emam4, Abdelnasser A. Mahmoud1, Doaa Eissa1, Rehab H. Hegab4, Yousra H. Kotp6, Mohamed A. Osman1, Ahmed M. Saudi4, Samah M. Abdelaziz4, Rabaa Yaseen4, Heba El-Araby7, Osama Abd-Elmottaleb1, Asmaa K. Bahgaat1
1Soil Physics and Chemistry Department, Water Resources and Desert Soils Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matariya, Cairo 4540031, Egypt
2Pedology Department, Water Resources and Desert Soils Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matariya, Cairo 4540031, Egypt
3Egypt Desalination Research Center of Excellence, Desert Research Center Cairo, El-Matariya, Cairo 4540031, Egypt
4Soil Fertility and Microbiology Department, Water Resources and Desert Soils Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matariya, Cairo 4540031, Egypt
5Soil Conservation Department, Water Resources and Desert Soils Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matariya, Cairo 4540031, Egypt
6Water Treatment & Desalination Unit, Hydrogeochemistry Department, Desert Research Center, Egypt
7Independent Researcher, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt

Tài liệu tham khảo

Abou-Shady, 2016, Reclaiming salt-affected soils using electro-remediation technology: PCPSS evaluation, Electrochim. Acta, 190, 511, 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.036 Abou-Shady, 2023, Comprehensive review of progress made in soil electrokinetic research during 1993–2020, Part I: process design modifications with brief summaries of main output, S. Afr. J. Chem. Eng., 44, 156 Abou-Shady, 2018, New approaches to remediate heavy metals containing polluted soil via improved PCPSS, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6, 1322, 10.1016/j.jece.2018.01.066 Abou-Shady, 2021, Electro-agric, a novel environmental engineering perspective to overcome the global water crisis via marginal water reuse, Nat. Hazards Res., 1, 202, 10.1016/j.nhres.2021.10.004 Abou-Shady, 2012, New process for ex situ electrokinetic pollutant removal. I: process evaluation, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, 2162, 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.06.014 Acar, 1993, Principles of electrokinetic remediation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2638, 10.1021/es00049a002 Acosta-Santoyo, 2017, Electrokinetic – Enhanced ryegrass cultures in soils polluted with organic and inorganic compounds, Environ. Res., 158, 118, 10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.004 Andrade, 2020, Combination of electrokinetic remediation with permeable reactive barriers to remove organic compounds from soils, Curr. Opin. Electrochem., 22, 136, 10.1016/j.coelec.2020.06.002 Bani Baker, 2018, Electrokinetic nondestructive in-situ technique for rehabilitation of liners damaged by fuels, J. Hazard. Mater., 359, 510, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.113 Barba, 2019, Strategies for the electrobioremediation of oxyfluorfen polluted soils, Electrochim. Acta, 297, 137, 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.195 Barba, 2017, Effect of the polarity reversal frequency in the electrokinetic-biological remediation of oxyfluorfen polluted soil, Chemosphere, 177, 120, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.002 Benamar, 2020, Scale-up of electrokinetic process for dredged sediments remediation, Electrochim. Acta, 352, 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136488 Cameselle, 2018, Electrokinetic remediation for the removal of organic contaminants in soils, Curr. Opin. Electrochem., 11, 41, 10.1016/j.coelec.2018.07.005 Cappello, 2019, Combining electrokinetic transport and bioremediation for enhanced removal of crude oil from contaminated marine sediments: results of a long-term, mesocosm-scale experiment, Water Res., 157, 381, 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.094 Cercato, 2020, Time-lapse monitoring of an electrokinetic soil remediation process through frequency-domain electrical measurements, J. Appl. Geophys., 175, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2020.103980 Chang, 2018, Electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation of tetrachloroethylene, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 132, 251, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.04.013 Chang, 2007, The operation characteristics and electrochemical reactions of a specific circulation-enhanced electrokinetics, J. Hazard. Mater., 141, 168, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.104 Chang, 2020, The study on lead desorption from the real-field contaminated soil by circulation-enhanced electrokinetics (CEEK) with EDTA, J. Hazard. Mater., 383, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121194 Chang, 2019, The lead contaminated land treated by the circulation-enhanced electrokinetics and phytoremediation in field scale, J. Hazard. Mater., 368, 894, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.085 Chang, 2006, The effect of critical operational parameters on the circulation-enhanced electrokinetics, J. Hazard. Mater., 129, 186, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.08.030 Chang, 2018, A specific configuration of circulation-enhanced electrokinetics (CEEK) to remediate real-site Cd and Pb contaminated soils, J. Hazard. Mater., 359, 408, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.079 Chen, 2019, Remediation of soil co-contaminated with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and copper by enhanced electrokinetics-persulfate process, J. Hazard. Mater., 369, 448, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.043 Chen, 2017, In situ construction of low permeable barrier in soil to prevent pollutant migration by applying weak electric field, J. Environ. Manag., 193, 584, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.062 Chowdhury, 2017, Electrokinetic-enhanced permanganate delivery and remediation of contaminated low permeability porous media, Water Res., 113, 215, 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.005 Crognale, 2020, Development of laboratory-scale sequential electrokinetic and biological treatment of chronically hydrocarbon-impacted soils, Nat. Biotechnol., 58, 38 Czinnerová, 2020, Combining nanoscale zero-valent iron with electrokinetic treatment for remediation of chlorinated ethenes and promoting biodegradation: a long-term field study, Water Res., 175, 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115692 da S Trentin, 2019, Quantitative assessment of life cycle sustainability (QUALICS): framework and its application to assess electrokinetic remediation, Chemosphere, 230, 92, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.200 Deniz, 2018, Parameters of an electrokinetic reactor design for vanadium recovery from fluid catalytic cracking catalysts, Sep. Purif. Technol., 193, 297, 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.057 Dizon, 2020, Advances and challenges of electrokinetic dewatering of clays and soils, Curr. Opin. Electrochem., 22, 17, 10.1016/j.coelec.2020.03.002 Estabragh, 2019, Effect of a surfactant on enhancing efficiency of the electrokinetic method in removing anthracene from a clay soil, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 7, 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103298 Falciglia, 2017, Surfactant and MGDA enhanced – electrokinetic treatment for the simultaneous removal of mercury and PAHs from marine sediments, Sep. Purif. Technol., 175, 330, 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.046 Feijoo, 2020, Electrokinetic desalination of a farmhouse applying a proton pump approach. First in situ experience, Constr. Build. Mater., 243, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118308 Fu, 2017, Electrokinetic remediation of chromium (Cr)-contaminated soil with citric acid (CA) and polyaspartic acid (PASP) as electrolytes, Chem. Eng. J., 316, 601, 10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.092 Gao, 2020, An increasing Cr recovery from soil with catholyte-enhanced electrokinetic remediation: effects on voltage redistribution throughout soil sections, Sep. Purif. Technol., 253, 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117553 Ghaeminia, 2018, Remediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater by PRB-Electrokinetic integrated process, J. Environ. Manage., 222, 234, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.078 Ghobadi, 2020, Copper removal from contaminated soil through electrokinetic process with reactive filter media, Chemosphere, 252, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126607 Gidudu, 2020, Biosurfactants as demulsification enhancers in bio-electrokinetic remediation of petroleum contaminated soil, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 143, 332, 10.1016/j.psep.2020.05.052 Gidudu, 2020, The combined application of a high voltage, low electrode spacing, and biosurfactants enhances the bio-electrokinetic remediation of petroleum contaminated soil, J. Clean. Prod., 276, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122745 Gnanasundar, 2021, Remediation of inorganic contaminants in soil using electrokinetics, phytoremediation techniques, Mater. Today Proc., 45, 950, 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.038 Gu, 2018, Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated natural clay using organophosphonates in comparison with EDTA, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 26, 1152, 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.10.012 Guan, 2019, Stratified chemical and microbial characteristics between anode ac cathode after long-term operation of plant microbial fuel cells for remediation of metal contaminated soils, Sci. Total Environ., 670, 585, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.096 Hassan, 2019, Isolation and characterization of novel bacterial strains for integrated solar-bioelectrokinetic of soil contaminated with heavy petroleum hydrocarbons, Chemosphere, 237, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124514 Hosseini, 2019, Feasibility of using electrokinetics and nanomaterials to stabilize and improve collapsible soils, J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 11, 1055, 10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.06.004 Huang, 2019, Interactions between electrokinetics and rhizoremediation on the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil, Chemosphere, 229, 418, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.150 Huang, 2019, Evaluation of electrokinetics coupled with a reactive barrier of activated carbon loaded with a nanoscale zero-valent iron for selenite removal from contaminated soils, J. Hazard. Mater., 368, 104, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.036 Huang, 2018, Electrokinetic removal of chromium from chromite ore-processing residue using graphite particle-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron as the three-dimensional electrode, Chem. Eng. J., 350, 1022, 10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.048 Huang, 2020, Mechanism exploration on the aluminum supplementation coupling the electrokinetics-activating geopolymerization that reinforces the solidification of the municipal solid waste incineration fly ashes, Waste Manag., 103, 361, 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.048 Huang, 2018, Ultrasound-enhanced electrokinetic remediation for removal of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in municipal solid waste incineration fly ashes, Waste Manag., 75, 226, 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.029 Islam, 2019, Coagulation enhanced electrokinetic settling of mature fine oil sands tailings, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 29, 199, 10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.04.012 Jorfi, 2017, Electrokinetic treatment of high saline petrochemical wastewater: evaluation and scale-up, J. Environ. Manag., 204, 221, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.058 Khoshbakht, 2019, Reducing the negative impact of freezing and thawing cycles on marl by means of the electrokinetical injection of calcium chloride, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 157, 196, 10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.10.010 Kim, 2018, Removal of Chalk River unidentified deposit (CRUD) radioactive waste by enhanced electrokinetic process, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 57, 89, 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.011 Li, 2018, Fate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in the electrokinetic treatment of antibiotic-polluted soil, Chem. Eng. J., 337, 584, 10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.154 Li, 2018, Evolution of microbial communities during electrokinetic treatment of antibiotic-polluted soil, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 148, 842, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.057 Li, 2020, Impact of electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal contamination on antibiotic resistance in soil, Chem. Eng. J., 400, 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125866 Li, 2020, Comparison of humic and fulvic acid on remediation of arsenic contaminated soil by electrokinetic technology, Chemosphere, 241, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125038 Li, 2020, Optimization analysis and mechanism exploration on the removal of cadmium from contaminated soil by electrokinetic remediation, Sep. Purif. Technol., 250, 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117180 Liu, 2020, Low permeability zone remediation of trichloroethene via coupling electrokinetic migration with in situ electrochemical hydrodechlorination, Chemosphere, 250, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126209 Liu, 2017, Removal of copper and nickel from municipal sludge using an improved electrokinetic process, Chem. Eng. J., 307, 1008, 10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.133 Liu, 2018, Cr(VI) recovery from chromite ore processing residual using an enhanced electrokinetic process by bipolar membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 566, 190, 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.079 Liyanage, 2020, Organic pollutants from E-waste and their electrokinetic remediation, 171 López-Vizcaíno, 2019, Calcite buffer effects in electrokinetic remediation of clopyralid-polluted soils, Sep. Purif. Technol., 212, 376, 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.034 Ma, 2020, Remediation of resins-contaminated soil by the combination of electrokinetic and bioremediation processes, Environ. Pollut., 260, 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114047 Ma, 2018, Remediation of hydrocarbon–heavy metal co-contaminated soil by electrokinetics combined with biostimulation, Chem. Eng. J., 353, 410, 10.1016/j.cej.2018.07.131 Martens, 2018, Electrokinetic in situ leaching of gold from intact ore, Hydrometallurgy, 178, 124, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.04.003 Martens, 2018, Feasibility of electrokinetic in situ leaching of gold, Hydrometallurgy, 175, 70, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.10.020 Masi, 2017, Model-based optimization of field-scale electrokinetic treatment of dredged sediments, Chem. Eng. J., 328, 87, 10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.004 Masi, 2017, Multispecies reactive transport modelling of electrokinetic remediation of harbour sediments, J. Hazard. Mater., 326, 187, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.032 Masi, 2019, Modeling of electrokinetic remediation combining local chemical equilibrium and chemical reaction kinetics, J. Hazard. Mater., 371, 728, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.014 Mu'azu, 2019, Scale-up of hybrid electrokinetic–adsorption technique for removal of heavy metals from contaminated saline-sodic clay soil, J. King Saud Univ. Eng. Sci., 31, 122 Nasiri, 2020, Application of enhanced electrokinetic approach to remediate Cr-contaminated soil: effect of chelating agents and permeable reactive barrier, Environ. Pollut., 266, 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115197 Oonnittan, 2020, Application of electrokinetic Fenton process for the remediation of soil contaminated with HCB, 57 Ortiz-Soto, 2019, Electrokinetic remediation of manganese and zinc in copper mine tailings, J. Hazard. Mater., 365, 905, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.048 Ottosen, 2019, Electrokinetics applied in remediation of subsurface soil contaminated with chlorinated ethenes–a review, Chemosphere, 235, 113, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.075 Paixão, 2020, Electrokinetic-Fenton for the remediation low hydraulic conductivity soil contaminated with petroleum, Chemosphere, 248, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126029 Parker, 2017, Remediation of 137Cs contaminated concrete using electrokinetic phenomena and ionic salt washes in nuclear energy contexts, J. Hazard. Mater., 340, 454, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.007 Pedersen, 2018, Influence of electrode placement for mobilising and removing metals during electrodialytic remediation of metals from shooting range soil, Chemosphere, 210, 683, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.063 Pedersen, 2018, The relative influence of electrokinetic remediation design on the removal of As, Cu, Pb and Sb from shooting range soils, Eng. Geol., 238, 52, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.03.005 Peppicelli, 2018, Changes in metal speciation and mobility during electrokinetic treatment of industrial wastes: implications for remediation and resource recovery, Sci. Total Environ., 624, 1488, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.132 Pham, 2020, Ultrasonic and electrokinetic remediation of low permeability soil contaminated with persistent organic pollutants, 227 Popescu, 2017, Soil flushing and simultaneous degradation of organic pollutants in soils by electrokinetic-Fenton treatment, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 108, 99, 10.1016/j.psep.2016.03.012 Pourfadakari, 2019, Remediation of PAHs contaminated soil using a sequence of soil washing with biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PF2 and electrokinetic oxidation of desorbed solution, effect of electrode modification with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, J. Hazard. Mater., 379, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120839 Probstein, 1993, Removal of contaminants from soils by electric fields, Science, 260, 498, 10.1126/science.260.5107.498 Ramadan, 2018, An overview of electrokinetic soil flushing and its effect on bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil, J. Environ. Manag., 218, 309, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.065 Rashidi, 2018, A review on the application, simulation, and experiment of the electrokinetic mixers, Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif., 126, 108, 10.1016/j.cep.2018.02.021 Rezaee, 2019, Modeling of electrokinetic remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated kaolinite, J. Hazard. Mater., 366, 630, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.034 Rocha, 2019, Coupling electrokinetic remediation with phytoremediation for depolluting soil with petroleum and the use of electrochemical technologies for treating the effluent generated, Sep. Purif. Technol., 208, 194, 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.012 Rodrigo, 2018, Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of organochlorine herbicide from spiked soils, Sci. Total Environ., 640-641, 629, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.364 Ryu, 2017, A combination of reducing and chelating agents for electrolyte conditioning in electrokinetic remediation of As-contaminated soil, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 70, 252, 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.10.058 Saberi, 2018, Simultaneous removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals from an artificial clayey soil by enhanced electrokinetic method, J. Environ. Manag., 217, 897, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.125 Saini, 2020, A review of electrokinetically enhanced bioremediation technologies for PHs, J. Environ. Sci., 88, 31, 10.1016/j.jes.2019.08.010 Sánchez, 2019, Enhancing the removal of atrazine from soils by electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Chemosphere, 232, 204, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.216 Sandu, 2017, Electrokinetic oxidant soil flushing: a solution for in situ remediation of hydrocarbons polluted soils, J. Electroanal. Chem., 799, 1, 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.05.036 Selvi, 2018, A statistical approach of zinc remediation using acidophilic bacterium via an integrated approach of bioleaching enhanced electrokinetic remediation (BEER) technology, Chemosphere, 207, 753, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.144 Shu, 2019, Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of manganese and ammonia nitrogen from electrolytic manganese residue using pulsed electric field in different enhancement agents, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 171, 523, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.025 Silva, 2018, Applicability of electrochemical technologies for removing and monitoring Pb2+ from soil and water, J. Electroanal. Chem., 816, 171, 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.051 Siyar, 2020, Potential of Vetiver grass for the phytoremediation of a real multi-contaminated soil, assisted by electrokinetic, Chemosphere, 246, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125802 Skibsted, 2018, Effect of long-term electrodialytic soil remediation on Pb removal and soil weathering, J. Hazard. Mater., 358, 459, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.033 Song, 2018, Electrokinetic delivery of anodic in situ generated active chlorine to remediate diesel-contaminated sand, Chem. Eng. J., 337, 499, 10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.122 Song, 2019, Migration and decomplexation of metal-chelate complexes causing metal accumulation phenomenon after chelate-enhanced electrokinetic remediation, J. Hazard. Mater., 377, 106, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.055 Song, 2020, EDTA-enhanced electrokinetic remediation of aged electroplating contaminated soil assisted by combining dual cation-exchange membranes and circulation methods, Chemosphere, 243, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125439 Souza, 2017, Removal of chlorsulfuron and 2,4-D from spiked soil using reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers, Sep. Purif. Technol., 178, 147, 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.030 Sprocati, 2020, Process-based modeling of electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes, J. Hazard. Mater., 397, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122787 Suanon, 2020, TW80 and GLDA-enhanced oxidation under electrokinetic remediation for aged contaminated-soil: does it worth?, Chem. Eng. J., 385, 10.1016/j.cej.2019.123934 Suanon, 2020, Organochlorine pesticides contaminated soil decontamination using TritonX-100-enhanced advanced oxidation under electrokinetic remediation, J. Hazard. Mater., 393, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122388 Tang, 2017, Removal of heavy metal from sludge by the combined application of a biodegradable biosurfactant and complexing agent in enhanced electrokinetic treatment, Chemosphere, 189, 599, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.104 Tang, 2020, Heavy metal removal effectiveness, flow direction and speciation variations in the sludge during the biosurfactant-enhanced electrokinetic remediation, Sep. Purif. Technol., 246, 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116918 Tang, 2018, Biosurfactants enhanced heavy metals removal from sludge in the electrokinetic treatment, Chemical Engineering Journal, 334, 2579, 10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.010 Tang, 2018, In situ electrokinetic isolation of cadmium from paddy soil through pore water drainage: effects of voltage gradient and soil moisture, Chem. Eng. J., 337, 210, 10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.111 Tian, 2017, Application of a crustacean bioassay to evaluate a multi-contaminated (metal, PAH, PCB) harbor sediment before and after electrokinetic remediation using eco-friendly enhancing agents, Sci. Total Environ., 607-608, 944, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.094 Vidal, 2018, ZVI – reactive barriers for the remediation of soils polluted with clopyralid: are they really Worth?, Chem. Eng. J., 350, 100, 10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.142 Vieira dos Santos, 2017, Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of atrazine and oxyfluorfen from spiked soils, J. Hazard. Mater., 322, 413, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.032 Villen-Guzman, 2018, Aging effects on the mobility of Pb in soil: influence on the energy requirements in electroremediation, Chemosphere, 213, 351, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.039 Vocciante, 2017, Enhancements in ElectroKinetic remediation technology: focus on water management and wastewater recovery, Chem. Eng. J., 309, 708, 10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.091 Wu, 2020, Regulating and intervening act of Cr chemical speciation effect on the electrokinetic removal in Cr contaminated soil in arid area, Sep. Purif. Technol., 250, 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117167 Wu, 2018, Exploring electrode capture potential in different Cr-contaminated soils with enhanced electrolytes based on chemical fractionation, Sep. Purif. Technol., 197, 54, 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.12.047 Wu, 2020, Enhancement of electrokinetic-bioremediation by ryegrass: sustainability of electrokinetic effect and improvement of n-hexadecane degradation, Environ. Res., 188, 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109717 Xiao, 2019, Optimization analysis and mechanism exploration on the removal of cesium and the solidification of secondary residue wastes in electrokinetics, J. Clean. Prod., 233, 1207, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.120 Xiao, 2020, The mechanism of acid-washed zero-valent iron/activated carbon as permeable reactive barrier enhanced electrokinetic remediation of uranium-contaminated soil, Sep. Purif. Technol., 244, 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116667 Xu, 2020, Ion exchange membranes enhance the electrokinetic in situ chemical oxidation of PAH-contaminated soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 382, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121042 Xu, 2020, Cadmium adsorption behavior of porous and reduced graphene oxide and its potential for promoting cadmium migration during soil electrokinetic remediation, Chemosphere, 259, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127441 Xu, 2020, The effects of different electric fields and electrodes on Solanum nigrum L. Cd hyperaccumulation in soil, Chemosphere, 246, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125666 Xu, 2021, Can flow-electrode capacitive deionization become a new in-situ soil remediation technology for heavy metal removal?, J. Hazard. Mater., 402, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123568 Yan, 2019, Efficient removal of chromium from soil in a modified electrokinetic system using iron-treated activated carbon as third electrode, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 101, 15, 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.03.021 Yang, 2019, Integrated electrokinetic processes for the remediation of phthalate esters in river sediments: a mini-review, Sci. Total Environ., 659, 963, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.334 Yu, 2020, Biosurfactants enhanced electrokinetic treatment of Cr from chromite ore processing residue based on chemical fractions, J. Water Process Eng., 36, 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101252 Zhang, 2020, Desorbing of decabromodiphenyl ether in low permeability soil and the remediation potential of enhanced electrokinetic, Chemosphere, 258, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127376 Zhou, 2020, Removal of cadmium in contaminated kaolin by new-style electrokinetic remediation using array electrodes coupled with permeable reactive barrier, Sep. Purif. Technol., 239, 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116544 Zhou, 2018, Exchange electrode-electrokinetic remediation of Cr-contaminated soil using solar energy, Sep. Purif. Technol., 190, 297, 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.006 Zulfiqar, 2017, Pb2+ ions mobility perturbation by iron particles during electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil, Chemosphere, 169, 257, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.083