Composure at Any Cost? The Cognitive Consequences of Emotion Suppression

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin - Tập 25 Số 8 - Trang 1033-1044 - 1999
Jane M. Richards1, James J. Gross1
1Stanford University

Tóm tắt

We frequently try to appear less emotional than we really are, such as when we are angry with our spouse at a dinner party, disgusted by a boss’s sexist comments during a meeting, or amused by a friend’s embarrassing faux pas in public. Attempts at emotion suppression doubtless have social benefits. However, suppression may do more than change how we look: It also may change how we think. Two studies tested the hypothesis that emotion suppression has cognitive consequences. Study 1 showed that suppression impaired incidental memory for information presented during the suppression period. Study 2 replicated this finding and further showed that suppression increased cardiovascular activation. Mediational analyses indicated that physiological and cognitive effects were independent. Overall, findings suggest that emotion suppression is a cognitively demanding form of self-regulation.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Anderson, J. R., 1995, Learning and memory: An integrated approach

10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252

Blascovich, J., 1990, Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 45

10.1038/371702a0

10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.284

10.3758/BF03198428

10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.979

10.1207/s15324834basp0304_6

10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5

10.1037/h0047707

Ellis, H. C., 1988, Affect, cognition, and social behavior, 25

10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.685

Gold, P. E., 1987, American Scientist, 75, 151

10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224

Gross, J. J., 1999, Emotion regulation in everyday life

Gross, J. J., Personality and Social Psychology

10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.970

10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.95

10.1037/h0063033

Jones, E. E., 1971, Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior, 79

10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.686

Lacey, B. C., 1974, Cardiovascular psychophysiology: Current issues in response mechanisms, biofeedback, and methodology, 538

Lang, P. J. & Greenwald, M. K. (1988). The international affective picture system standardization procedure and initial group results for affective judgments (Technical Reports 1A & 1B). Gainesville: University of Florida, Center for Research in Psychophysiology.

10.1037/0735-7044.102.4.591

10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.176

10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.709

Mandler, G., 1993, Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects, 2, 40

10.1016/0959-4388(95)80028-X

10.1146/annurev.ps.34.020183.001501

10.1007/BF01001412

10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.345

10.1037/0033-2909.102.1.122

10.1016/B978-0-12-657402-9.50010-7

10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613

10.1037/0022-3514.67.5.910

Tomkins, S. S., 1962, Affect, imagery, consciousness: The positive affects

10.1037/0033-295X.101.1.34

10.1037/h0031332