Composition and density of nanoscale calcium–silicate–hydrate in cement

Nature Materials - Tập 6 Số 4 - Trang 311-316 - 2007
Andrew J. Allen1, Jeffrey J. Thomas2, Hamlin M. Jennings2
1Ceramics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Le Chatelier, H. L. Experimental Researches on the Constitution of Hydraulic Mortars (McGraw, New York, 1905).

Taylor, H. F. W. Cement Chemistry 2nd edn (Thomas Telford, London, 1997).

Acker, P. in Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability Mechanics of Concrete and Other Quasi-Brittle Materials (eds Ulm, F. J., Bazant, Z. P. & Wittmann, F. H.) (Elsevier Science, New York, 2001).

Scherer, G. W. Structure and properties of gels. Cement Concrete Res. 29, 1149–1157 (1999).

Pijaudier-Cabot, G., Gerard, B. & Acker, P. (eds) in Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability of Concrete and Concrete Structures (Hermes Science, London, 2005).

Bazant, Z., Cusatis, G. & Cedolin, L. Temperature effect on concrete creep modeled by microprestress-solidification theory. J. Eng. Mech. 130, 691–699 (2004).

Richardson, I. G. The nature of C–S–H in hardened cement pastes. Cement Concrete Res. 29, 1131–1147 (1999).

Gaboriaud, F., Nonat, A., Chaumont, D., Craievich, A. & Hanquet, B. Si-29 NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering studies of the effect of alkaline ions (Li+,Na+, and K+) in silico-alkaline sols. J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 2091–2099 (1999).

Papavassiliou, G. et al. Role of the surface morphology in cement gel growth dynamics: A combined nuclear magnetic resonance and atomic force microscopy study. J. Appl. Phys. 82, 449–452 (1997).

Cong, X. & Kirkpatrick, R. J. 29Si MAS NMR study of the structure of calcium silicate hydrate. Adv. Cement Based Mater. 3, 144–156 (1994).

Winslow, D. N. & Diamond, S. Specific surface of hardened cement paste as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 57, 193–197 (1974).

Volkl, J. J., Beddoe, R. E. & Setzer, M. J. The specific surface of hardened cement paste by small-angle X-ray-scattering effect of moisture-content and chlorides. Cement Concrete Res. 17, 81–88 (1987).

Yang, R. H., Liu, B. Y. & Wu, Z. W. Study on the pore structure of hardened cement paste by SAXS. Cement Concrete Res. 20, 385–393 (1990).

Winslow, D., Bukowski, J. M. & Young, J. F. The early evolution of the surface of hydrating cement. Cement Concrete Res. 24, 1025–1032 (1994).

Beddoe, R. E. & Lang, K. Effect of moisture on fractal dimension and specific surface of hardened cement paste by small-angle X-ray-scattering. Cement Concrete Res. 24, 605–612 (1994).

Winslow, D., Bukowski, J. M. & Young, J. F. The fractal arrangement of hydrated cement paste. Cement Concrete Res. 25, 147–156 (1995).

Thomas, J. J., Jennings, H. M. & Allen, A. J. The surface area of hardened cement paste as measured by various techniques. Concrete Sci. Eng. 1, 45–64 (1999).

Vollet, D. R. & Craievich, A. F. Effects of temperature and of the addition of accelerating and retarding agents on the kinetics of hydration of tricalcium silicate. J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 12143–12148 (2000).

Allen, A. J. et al. A small-angle scattering study of cement porosities. J. Phys. D 15, 1817–1833 (1982).

Pearson, D., Allen, A. J., Windsor, C. G., Alford, N. McN. & Double, D. D. An investigation on the nature of porosity in hardened cement pastes using small-angle neutron scattering. J. Mater. Sci. 18, 430–438 (1983).

Pearson, D. & Allen, A. J. A study of ultrafine porosity in hydrated cements using small-angle neutron scattering. J. Mater. Sci. 20, 303–315 (1985).

Allen, A. J., Oberthur, R. C., Pearson, D., Schofield, P. & Wilding, C. R. Development of the fine porosity and gel structure of hydrating cement systems. Phil. Mag. B 56, 263–288 (1987).

Haussler, F., Eichhorn, F., Rohling, S. & Baumbach, H. Monitoring of the hydration process of hardening cement pastes by small-angle neutron scattering. Cement Concrete Res. 20, 644–654 (1990).

Castano, V. M., Schmidt, P. W. & Hornis, H. G. Small-angle scattering studies of the pore structure of polymer-modified portland cement pastes. J. Mater. Res. 5, 1281–1284 (1990).

Allen, A. J. Time-resolved phenomena in cements, clays and porous rocks. J. Appl. Cryst. 24, 624–634 (1991).

Eichhorn, F., Haussler, F. & Baumbach, H. Structural studies on hydrating cement pastes. J. Phys. IV 3, 369–372 (1993).

Adenot, F., Auvray, L. & Touray, J. C. Determination of the fractal dimension of CSH aggregates (hydrated calcium silicates) of different origins and compositions — consequences for studies of cement paste durability. C. R. Acad. Sci. II 317, 185–189 (1993).

Janik, J. A., Kurdowski, W., Podsiadly, R. & Samseth, J. Studies of fractal aspects of cement. Acta Phys. Pol. A 90, 1179–1184 (1996).

Haussler, F., Hempel, M. & Baumbach, H. Long-time monitoring of the microstructural change in hardening cement paste by SANS. Adv. Cement Res. 9, 139–147 (1997).

Allen, A. J. & Livingston, R. A. Relationship between differences in silica fume additives and fine scale microstructural evolution in cement based materials. Adv. Cement Based Mater. 8, 118–131 (1998).

Thomas, J. J., Jennings, H. M. & Allen, A. J. The surface area of cement paste as measured by neutron scattering — evidence for two C–S–H morphologies. Cement Concrete Res. 28, 897–905 (1998).

Heinemann, A. et al. Fractal microstructures in hydrating cement paste. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 18, 1413–1416 (1999).

Heinemann, A., Hermann, H. & Haussler, F. SANS analysis of fractal microstructures in hydrating cement paste. Physica B 276, 892–893 (2000).

Thomas, J. J., Chen, J. J., Allen, A. J. & Jennings, H. M. Effects of decalcification on the microstructure and surface area of cement and tricalcium silicate pastes. Cement Concrete Res. 34, 2297–2307 (2004).

Thomas, J. J., Jennings, H. M. & Allen, A. J. Determination of the neutron scattering contrast of hydrated portland cement paste using H2O/D2O exchange. Adv. Cement Based Mater. 7, 119–122 (1998).

Richardson, I. G. Tobermorite/jennite- and tobermorite/calcium hydroxide-based models for the structure of C–S–H: Applicability to hardened pastes of tricalcium silicate, beta-dicalcium silicate, portland cement, and blends of portland cement with blast-fumace slag, metakaolin, or silica fume. Cement Concrete Res. 34, 1733–1777 (2004).

Porod, G. in Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (eds Glatter, O. & Kratky, O.) (Academic, London, 1982).

Sears, V. F. Neutron scattering lengths and cross sections. Neutron News 3.3, 29–37 (1992).

Allison, S. K., Fox, J. P., Hargreaves, R. & Bates, S. P. Clustering and microimmiscibility in alcohol-water mixtures: Evidence from molecular-dynamics simulations. Phys. Rev. B 71, 024201 (2005).

Chantler, C. T. et al. X-ray form factor, attenuation and scattering tables (version 2. 1). (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, 2005) Available online at: http://physics.nist.gov/ffast.

Brouwers, H. J. H. The work of Powers and Brownyard revisited: Part 1. Cement Concrete Res. 34, 1697–1716 (2004);ibid Part 2 Cement Concrete Res. 35, 1922–1936 (2005).

Potton, J. A., Daniell, G. J. & Rainford, B. D. Particle-size distributions from SANS data using the maximum-entropy method. J. Appl. Cryst. 21, 663–668 (1988).

Kirkpatrick, R. J., Kalinichev, A. G., Hou, X. & Struble, L. Experimental and molecular dynamics modeling studies of interlayer swelling: Water incorporation in kanemite and ASR gel. Mater. Struct. 38, 449–458 (2005).

Glinka, C. J. et al. The 30 m small-angle neutron scattering instruments at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. J. Appl. Cryst. 31, 430–445 (1998).

Barker, J. G. et al. Design and performance of a thermal-neutron double-crystal diffractometer for USANS at NIST. J. Appl. Cryst. 38, 1004–1011 (2005).

Ilavsky, J., Jemian, P. R., Allen, A. J. & Long, G. G. Versatile USAXS (Bonse-Hart) facility for advanced materials research. AIP Conf. Proc. 705, 510–513 (2004).