Complex suicides: A review of the literature with considerations on a single case of abdominal self stabbing and plastic bag suffocation

Marcinkowski, 1974, Planned complex suicide, Forensic Sci., 3, 95, 10.1016/0300-9432(74)90013-2

Töro, 2009, Complex suicide versus complicated suicide, Forensic Sci. Int., 184, 6, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.10.020

Bohnert, 2005, Complex suicide, vol. 2, 127

Palmiere, 2007, Unplanned complex suicide by self-strangulation associated with multiple sharp force injuries, Med. Sci. Law, 47, 269, 10.1258/rsmmsl.47.3.269

Racette, 2007, Planned and unplanned complex suicides: a 5-year retrospective study, J. Forensic Sci., 52, 449, 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00387.x

Bohnert, 2004, Complex suicides—a review of the literature, Arch. Kriminol., 213, 138

Demirci, 2009, A series of complex suicide, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 30, 152, 10.1097/PAF.0b013e318187deb7

Peyron, 2018, Complex suicide by self-stabbing and drowning: a case report and a review of literature, J. Forensic Sci., 63, 598, 10.1111/1556-4029.13537

Crudele, 2016, One hundred and one cases of plastic bag suffocation in the Milan area between 1993 and 2013—correlations, circumstances, pathological and forensic evidences and literature review, J. Forensic Sci., 61, 361, 10.1111/1556-4029.13003

Pollak, 1978, Statistik und Phänomenologie kombinierter Selbsttötungen und anderer suizidaler Mehrfachschädigungen im urbanen Bereich, Arch. Kriminol., 161, 68

Nadesan, 2001, Two cases of death due to plastic bag suffocation, Med. Sci. Law, 41, 78, 10.1177/002580240104100115

Madentzoglou, 2013, Nitrogen–plastic bag suicide: a case report, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 34, 311, 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000049

van den Hondel, 2016, Suicide by asphyxiation with or without helium inhalation in the region of Amsterdam (2005–2014), J. Forensic Leg. Med., 44, 24, 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.08.012

Byard, 2006, Temporal trends over the past two decades in asphyxial deaths in South Australia involving plastic bags or wrapping, J. Clin. Forensic Med., 13, 9, 10.1016/j.jcfm.2005.05.005

Leth, 2017, Suffocation caused by plastic wrap covering the face combined with nitrous oxide inhalation, Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol., 13, 372, 10.1007/s12024-017-9887-0

Zorro, 2014, Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of chloroform inside a plastic bag, J. Forensic Leg. Med., 21, 1, 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.09.035

Claydon, 1998, Myocardial degeneration in chronic solvent abuse, Med. Sci. Law, 28, 217, 10.1177/002580248802800308

Byard, 2004, Accidents, 11

The Final Exodus, https://www.finalexodus.org/non-violent-ways-end-life/, 2012 (Accessed 5 October 2012)

Lostallhope, http://www.lostallhope.com, 2014 (Accessed 28 July 2014)

Humphry, 1991

Chabot, 2012

Altun, 2006, Planned complex suicide: report of three cases, Forensic Sci. Int., 157, 83, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.039

Lignitz, 1986, Kombinierter Suizid durch Verbrennen und Sturz aus der Höhe, Arch. Kriminol., 178, 51

Cingolani, 2000, Planned complex suicide: report of three cases, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 21, 255, 10.1097/00000433-200009000-00015

Bohnert, 2003, Complex suicides by self-incineration, Forensic Sci. Int., 131, 197, 10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00449-8

Fukube, 2008, Retrospective study on suicidal cases by sharp force injuries, J. Forensic Leg. Med., 15, 163, 10.1016/j.jflm.2007.08.006

Nock, 2008, Suicide and suicidal behaviour, Epidemiol. Rev., 30, 133, 10.1093/epirev/mxn002

Bukur, 2011, Self-inflicted penetrating injuries at a Level I Trauma Center, Injury, 42, 474, 10.1016/j.injury.2010.03.010

De Giorgio, 2015, Suicidal or homicidal sharp force injuries? A review and critical analysis of the heterogeneity in the forensic literature, J. Forensic Sci., 60, 97, 10.1111/1556-4029.12673

Karlsson, 1998, Homicidal and suicidal sharp force fatalities in Stockholm, Sweden: orientation of entrance wounds in stabs gives information in the classification, Forensic Sci. Int., 93, 21, 10.1016/S0379-0738(98)00025-5

Mazzolo, 2005, Sharp force fatalities: suicide, homicide or accident? A series of 21 cases, Forensic Sci. Int., 147, 33, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.097

Kranioti, 2017, Suicidal self-stabbing: a report of 12 cases from Crete, Greece, Med. Sci. Law, 57, 124, 10.1177/0025802417712179

Bajanowski, 1991, Tod durch scharfe Gewalt, Kriminologische und kriminalistische Aspekte, Arch. Kriminol., 187, 65

Venara, 2013, Abdominal stab wounds: self-inflicted wounds versus assault wounds, J. Forensic Leg. Med., 20, 270, 10.1016/j.jflm.2012.09.004

Abdullah, 2003, Self-inflicted abdominal stab wounds, Injury, 34, 35, 10.1016/S0020-1383(02)00084-0

Kuroda, 1997, Suicide by self-stabbing in the city of Tokyo—a review of accumulated data from 1976 to 1995, Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi (Jpn J. Leg. Med.), 51, 301

Haddix, 1996, Asphyxial suicides using plastic bags, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 17, 308, 10.1097/00000433-199612000-00006

Živković, 2010, Suicidal asphyxiation by propane–butane mixture inside a plastic bag: case report, Srp. Arh. Celok. Lek., 138, 376, 10.2298/SARH1006376Z

d’Aloja, 2011, A case of suicidal suffocation simulating homicide, J. Forensic Sci., 56, 810, 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01719.x

Grimm, 1998, Verbrennen im Freien, Arch. Kriminol., 201, 137

Ohshima, 1997, Eight cases of suicide by self-cutting or -stabbing: consideration from medico-legal viewpoints of differentiation between suicide and homicide, J. Clin. Forensic Med., 4, 127, 10.1016/S1353-1131(97)90092-4

Morita, 2008, The comparison of characteristic and clinical features of self-inflicted abdominal stab wound patients in Japan: simple stab wounds versus Hara-kiri wounds, J. Trauma Acute Care Surg., 64, 786, 10.1097/TA.0b013e318165bb3a

Oumaya, 2008, Borderline personality disorder, self-mutilation and suicide: literature review, L’Encephale, 34, 452, 10.1016/j.encep.2007.10.007

Austin, 2013, Multiple injuries in suicide simulating homicide: report of three cases, J. Forensic Leg. Med., 20, 601, 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.02.005

Start, 1992, Suicide by self-stabbing, Forensic Sci. Int., 56, 89, 10.1016/0379-0738(92)90151-L

Atreya, 2017, Abdominal self-stabbing: a case report, Med. Leg. J., 85, 97, 10.1177/0025817216683583

Edirisinghe, 2006, Medical suicide—groin stabbing, J. Clin. Forensic Med., 13, 92, 10.1016/j.jcfm.2005.08.008

Karlsson, 1988, Patterns in sharp force fatalities—a comprehensive forensic medical study: part 2. Suicidal sharp force injury in the Stockholm area 1972–1984, J. Forensic Sci., 33, 448, 10.1520/JFS11958J

Burgess, 1983, Autoerotic asphyxial deaths and social network response, Am. J. Orthopsychiatry, 53, 166, 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1983.tb03361.x

Byard, 1991, Autoerotic death. A definition, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 12, 74, 10.1097/00000433-199103000-00013

Jones, 2000, Plastic bag asphyxia in southeast Scotland, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 21, 401, 10.1097/00000433-200012000-00021

Sauvageau, 2006, Autoerotic deaths in the literature from 1954 to 2004: a review, J. Forensic Sci., 51, 140, 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2005.00032.x

Minyard, 1985, Wrapped to death. Unusual autoerotic death, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 6, 151, 10.1097/00000433-198506000-00008

Saukko, 2015, Fatal pressure on the neck, 369

Eisenwort, 2007, Suizidologie: Abschiedsbriefe und ihre Themen, Nervenarzt, 78, 674, 10.1007/s00115-006-2210-z

Kaliszan, 2011, Multiple severe stab wounds to chest with cuts to the ribs. Suicide or homicide?, J. Forensic Leg. Med., 18, 26, 10.1016/j.jflm.2010.10.004

Ventura, 2010, A fatal case of suicidal stabbing and cutting, J. Forensic Leg. Med., 17, 120, 10.1016/j.jflm.2009.12.006

DiMaio, 2001

Ormstad, 1986, Patterns in sharp force fatalities—a comprehensive forensic medical study, J. Forensic Sci., 31, 529, 10.1520/JFS12284J

Murray, 1987, Hilts and knives: a survey of ten years of fatal stabbings, Med. Sci. Law, 27, 182, 10.1177/002580248702700308

Hunt, 1991, Murder by stabbing, Forensic Sci. Int., 52, 107, 10.1016/0379-0738(91)90102-O

Rouse, 1994, Patterns of stab wounds: a six-year study, Med. Sci. Law, 34, 67, 10.1177/002580249403400110

Au, 2011, Injury patterns of sharp instrument homicides in Hong Kong, Forensic Sci. Int., 204, 201, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.06.005

Byard, 2007, Symmetrical “mirror-image” injuries and the “chessboard” pattern: useful markers of self-mutilation, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 28, 25, 10.1097/PAF.0b013e31806195b2

Watanabe, 1973, Harakiri and suicide by sharp instruments in Japan, Forensic Sci., 2, 191, 10.1016/0300-9432(73)90028-9

Maiese, 2014, A peculiar case of suicide enacted through the ancient Japanese ritual of Jigai, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 35, 8, 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000070

Koseki, 1990, Selective conservatism in the management of abdominal stab wounds, Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 91, 950

Karger, 1997, Unusual self-inflicted injuries simulating a criminal offense, Int. J. Leg. Med., 110, 267, 10.1007/s004140050083

Byard, 2002, Clinicopathologic features of fatal self-inflicted incised and stab wounds: a 20-year study, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 23, 15, 10.1097/00000433-200203000-00003

Karger, 2000, Suicides by sharp force: typical and atypical features, Int. J. Leg. Med., 113, 259, 10.1007/s004149900093

Inoue, 2006, Homicidal sharp force injuries inflicted by family members or relatives, Med. Sci. Law, 46, 135, 10.1258/rsmmsl.46.2.135