Những sắp xếp phức tạp liên quan đến sự tiến hóa nhiễm sắc thể của Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae)

Eduardo A. Moscone1,2, Rosabelle Samuel3, Trude Schwarzacher4, Dieter Schweizer1,5, Andrea Pedrosa-Harand1,6
1Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
2Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
3Department of Higher Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
4Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
5Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
6Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Chi giống Cephalanthera là một nhóm thực vật lý tưởng cho các nghiên cứu về sự tiến hóa của karyotype vì nó thể hiện một chuỗi dysploid và karyotype bimodal. Với mục tiêu hiểu rõ mối quan hệ nhiễm sắc thể và tiến hóa của chúng, các gen rRNA và trình tự telomeric kiểu Arabidopsis đã được lập bản đồ bằng phương pháp lai huỳnh quang in situ (FISH), và vùng chuyển gen rDNA intergenic (ITS) đã được giải trình tự lần đầu tiên ở ba loài châu Âu: C. longifolia (2n = 4x = 32), C. damasonium (2n = 4x = 36) và C. rubra (2n = 4x = 44). Một vị trí 45S và ba vị trí 5S rDNA được quan sát thấy ở C. longifolia, một vị trí 45S và hai vị trí 5S ở C. damasonium, và hai vị trí 45S và một vị trí 5S ở C. rubra. Tín hiệu telomeric được quan sát ở mỗi đầu nhiễm sắc thể trong cả ba loài và C. damasonium cũng hiển thị tín hiệu khoảng giữa trên ba cặp nhiễm sắc thể. Theo dữ liệu nhiễm sắc thể, các phân tích phân tử hỗ trợ C. longifolia và C. damasonium là những taxa liên quan chặt chẽ, trong khi C. rubra đứng tách biệt. Các con đường có thể của sự tiến hóa karyotype được thảo luận theo giả thuyết trước đó. Các kết quả cho thấy rằng những xáo trộn nhiễm sắc thể phức tạp, có thể liên quan đến sự hợp nhất và phân tách Robertson, mất mát các chuỗi telomeric, sự tăng hoặc mất các vị trí rDNA và các trình tự heterochromatin khác cũng như các sự đảo ngược, có thể đã góp phần tạo ra các karyotype hiện tại.

Từ khóa

#Cephalanthera #tiến hóa karyotype #nhiễm sắc thể #phân tích phân tử #lai huỳnh quang in situ (FISH) #trình tự telomeric

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