Complementary and alternative medicines use in COVID-19: A global perspective on practice, policy and research

World Health Organization Skipper, 2020, Hydroxychloroquine in non-hospitalized adults with early COVID-19: a randomized trial, Ann Intern Med, 173, 623, 10.7326/M20-4207 Young, 2021, The place for Remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment, Lancet Infect Dis, 21, 20, 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30911-7 The Recovery Collaborative Group, 2021, Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with covid-19, N Engl J Med, 384, 693, 10.1056/NEJMoa2021436 World Health Organization Alzahrani, 2021, Global prevalence and types of complementary and alternative medicines use amongst adults with diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 10.1007/s00228-021-03097-x Shaikh, 2005, Complementary and alternative medicine in Pakistan: prospects and limitations, Evid base Compl Alternative Med, 2, 139, 10.1093/ecam/neh088 World Health Organization Paudyal, 2021, Provision of clinical pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences of pharmacists from 16 European countries, Res Soc Adm Pharm, 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.017 Dong, 2020, A case study of new type coronavirus pneumonia based on syndrome differentiation and treatment, Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica, 36 National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China Wang, 2021, The therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine on COVID-19: a narrative review, Int J Clin Pharm, 43, 35, 10.1007/s11096-020-01153-7 Meng, 2020, Roles of the Chinese clinical pharmacist during the COVID-19 pandemic, Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, 10.1002/jac5.1274 Nile, 2020, Recent clinical trials on natural products and traditional Chinese medicine combating the COVID-19, Indian J Microbiol, 30, 1 Hussain Shaikh, 2009, Trends in the use of complementary and alternative medicine in Pakistan: a population-based survey, J Alternative Compl Med, 15, 545, 10.1089/acm.2008.0232 Kadayat, 2009, Omplementary and alternative medicine in Nepal: a case study, The Journal of Medicine Use in Developing Countries, 1, 3 Charan, 2021, Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and home remedies by COVID-19 patients: a telephonic survey, Indian J Clin Biochem, 36, 108, 10.1007/s12291-020-00931-4 Ministry of Ayush Nugraha, 2020, Traditional herbal medicine candidates as complementary treatments for COVID-19: a review of their mechanisms, 2020 Shree, 2020, Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants–Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi)–a molecular docking study, J Biomol Struct Dyn World Health Organization Hayat, 2009, Ethnobotany of the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) in Pakistan, Ethnobot Res Appl, 7, 147, 10.17348/era.7.0.147-162 2021 Alyami, 2020, Knowledge about COVID-19 and beliefs about and use of herbal products during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia, Saudi Pharmaceut J, 28, 1326, 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.023 Maideen, 2020, Prophetic medicine-nigella sativa (black cumin seeds) – potential herb for COVID-19?, J Pharmacopuncture, 23, 62, 10.3831/KPI.2020.23.010 El Sayed, 2020, Promising preventive and therapeutic effects of TaibUVID nutritional supplements for COVID-19 pandemic: towards better public prophylaxis and treatment (A retrospective study), American Journal of Blood Research, 10, 266 El Sayed, 2020, TaibUVID nutritional supplements help rapid cure of COVID-19 infection and rapid reversion to negative nasopharyngeal swab PCR: for better public prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 pandemic, American journal of blood research, 10, 397 Alami, 2020, Medicinal plants used for the prevention purposes during the covid-19 pandemic in Morocco, Journal of Analytical Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, 2 Yeshurun Gomaa Bailly, 2020, Glycyrrhizin: an alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome?, Pharmacol Ther, 214 Gomaa, 2021, The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions, Phytomedicine, 1, 100043, 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100043 Mostafaie World Health Organization Mahomoodally, 2013, Traditional medicines in Africa: an appraisal of ten potent African medicinal plants, Evid base Compl Alternative Med, 10.1155/2013/617459 Baker Nordling, 2020, Unproven herbal remedy against COVID-19 could fuel drug-resistant malaria, scientists warn, Science, 6 Orisakwe, 2020, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and Africa: acclaimed home remedies, Scientific African, 10, 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00620 Mavhunga Herbs Agra, 2008, Survey of medicinal plants used in the region Northeast of Brazil, Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 18, 472, 10.1590/S0102-695X2008000300023 Brandão, 2009, Traditional uses of American plant species from the 1st edition of Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia, Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 19, 478, 10.1590/S0102-695X2009000300023 Silveira, 2020, COVID-19: is There evidence for the use of herbal medicines as adjuvant symptomatic therapy?, Front Pharmacol, 11, 10.3389/fphar.2020.581840 Berretta, 2020, Propolis and its potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 disease: running title: Propolis against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19, Biomed Pharmacother, 131, 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110622 Lila Portella, 2020, Evidence map on the contributions of traditional, complementary and integrative medicines for health care in times of COVID-19, Integrative Medicine Research, 9, 100473, 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100473 Riederer Xiong, 2021, International policies and challenges on the legalization of traditional medicine/herbal medicines in the fight against COVID-19, Pharmacol Res, 166, 105472, 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105472 Alostad, 2018, International comparison of five herbal medicine registration systems to inform regulation development: United Kingdom, Germany, United States of America, United Arab Emirates and kingdom of Bahrain, Pharmaceut Med, 32, 39 Caspani Stub, 2021, The impact of COVID-19 on complementary and alternative medicine providers: a cross-sectional survey in Norway, Research Square Patel Rahman Paudyal, 2014, Pharmacists' adoption into practice of newly reclassified medicines from diverse therapeutic areas in Scotland: a quantitative study of factors associated with decision-making, Res Soc Adm Pharm, 10, 88, 10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.04.007 Paudyal, 2012, Pharmacists' perceived integration into practice of over-thecounter simvastatin five years post reclassification, Int J Clin Pharm, 34, 733, 10.1007/s11096-012-9668-5 Paudyal, 2018, Methodological considerations in clinical outcomes assessment of pharmacy-based minor ailments management: a systematic review, PloS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0205087