Competitive as well as uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists affect cortical neuronal morphology and cerebral glucose metabolism

Olney, J. W., Labruyere, J., and Price, M. T. 1989. Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs. Science 244:1360?1362.

Allen, H. L., and Iversen, L. L. 1990. Phencyclidine, dizocilpine and cerebrocortical neurons. Science 247:221.

Hargreaves, R. J., Rigby, M., Smith, D., Foster, A., Hurley, C. J., and Hill, R. G. 1991. L-687,414 ((+)-cis-4-methyl-HA-966), an NMDA receptor antagonist acting at the glycine site, does not alter glucose metabolism or neuronal morphology at neuroprotective dose levels. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11 Suppl. 2 S301.

Allen, H. L., Smith, D., Hargreaves, R. J., and Iversen, L. L. 1991. The effects of acute and chronic treatment with dizocilpine on neuronal morphology in the rat CNS. Pages 232?233.in Hunter, A. J., and Clark, M., (eds) Neurodegeneration, Academic Press.

McCulloch, J. 1991. Ischaemic brain damage?Prevention with competitive and non-competitive antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Arzneim?Fors. Drug Res. 41:319?324.

Sauer, D., and Fagg, G. E. 1992. Excitatory amino acids, excitotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders. Pages 13?33.in Krogsgaard-Larsen, P., and Hansen, J. J. (eds.), Excitatory amino acid receptors: Design of Agonists and Antagonists, Ellis Horwood.

Lehman, J., Schnieder, J., McPherson, S. E., Murphy, D. E., Bernard, P., Tsai, C., Bennett, D. A., Pastor, G., Steel, D. J., Boehm, C., Cheney, D. L., Liebman, J. M., Williams, M., and Wood, P. L. 1987. CPP, a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type receptor antagonist: Characterisation in vitro and in vivo. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 240:737?746.

Lowe, D. A., Neijt, H. C., and Aebischer, B. 1990. D-CPP-ene (SDZ EAA 494), a potent and competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist: Effect on spontaneous activity and NMDA-induced depolarisations in the rat neocortical slice preparation, compared with other CPP derivatives and MK-801. Neurosci. Lett. 113:315?321.

Lehmann, J., Hutchison, A. J., McPherson, S. E., Mondadori, C., Schmutz, M., Sinton, C. M., Tsai, C., Murphy, D. E., Steel, D. J., Williams, M., Cheney, D., and Wood, P. L. 1988. CGS 19755, a selective and competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate type excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 246:65?75.

Fagg, G. E., Olpe, H-R., Pozza, M. F., Baud, J., Steinmann, M., Schmutz, M., Portet, C., Baumann, P., Thedinga, K., Bittiger, H., Allgeier, H., Heckendorm, R., Angst, C., Brundish, D., and Dingwall, J. G. 1990. CGP 37849 and CGP 39551: Novel and potent competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists with oral activity. Br. J. Pharmacol. 99:791?797.

Wong, E. H. F., Kemp, J. A., Priestley, T., Knight, A. R., Woodruff, G. N., and, Iversen, L. L. 1986. The anticonvulsant MK-801 is a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:7104?7108.

Gill, R., Brazell, C., Woodruff, G. N., and Kemp, J. A. 1991. The neuroprotective action of dizocilpine (MK-801) in the rat middle cerebral artery model of cerebral ischaemia. Br. J. Pharmacol. 103:2030?2036.

Nehls, D. G., Kurumaji, A., Park, C. K., and McCulloch, J. 1988. Differential effects of competitive and non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists on glucose use in the limbic system. Neurosci. Letts. 91:204?210.

Kurumaji, A., Nehls, D. G., Park, C. K., and McCulloch, J. 1989. Effects of NMDA antagonists, MK-801 and CPP, upon local cerebral glucose use. Brain Res. 496:268?284.

Sokoloff, L., Reivich, M., Kennedy, D., Des Rosiers, M. H., Patlak, C. S., Pettigrew, K. D., Sakurada, O., and Shinohara, M. 1977. The [14C] deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure and normal values in the conscious and anaesthetised albino rat. J. Neurochem. 28:897?916.

Hargreaves, R. J., Rigby, M., Smith, D., and Hill, R. G. 1993. Lack of effect of L-687,414 ((+)-cis-4-methyl-HA-966), an NMDA receptor antagonist acting at the glycine site, on cerebral glucose metabolism and cortical neuronal morphology. Br. J. Pharmacol. in press.

McCulloch, J., and Iversen, L. L. 1991. Autoradiographic assessment of the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in vivo. Neurochem. Res. 16:951?961.

Bullock, R., Graham, D. I., Chen, M-H., Lowe, D., and McCulloch, J. 1990. Focal cerebral ischaemia in the cat: Pre-treatment with a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist D-CPP-ene. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 10:668?674.

Chen, M., Bullock, R., Graham, D. I., Frey, P., Lowe, D., and McCulloch, J., 1991. Evaluation of a competitive NMDA antagonist (D-CPP-ene) in feline focal ischaemia. Ann. Neurol. 30:62?70.

Olney, J. W., Labruyere, J., Wang, G., Wozniak, D. F., Price, M. T. and Sesma, M. A. 1991. NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity: Mechanism and Prevention. Science 254:1515?1518.

Hogan, M. J., Gjedde, A., and Hakim, A. M. 1992. In vivo distribution of CGS 19755 within brain in a model of focal ischaemia. J. Neurochem. 58:186?191.

Kurumaji, A., Ikeda, M., Dewar, D., McCormack, A. G., and McCulloch, J. 1991. Effects of chronic administration of MK-801 upon local cerebral glucose utilisation and ligand binding to the NMDA receptor complex. Brain Res. 563:57?65.

Scatton, B., Cuddennec, A., Duverger, D., Mackenzie, E. T., Nowicki, J. P., and Zivkovic, B. 1991. Effects of SL 82.0715, an NMDA receptor antagonist acting at the polyamine modulatory site, on local cerebral glucose use in rat brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11:Suppl 2, S312.

Duval, D., Roome, N., Gauffeny, C., Nowicki, J. P. and Scatton, B. 1992. SL 82.0715, an NMDA antagonist acting at the polyamine site, does not induce neurotoxic effects on rat cortical neurons. Neurosci. Letts. 137:193?197.

Kurumaji, A., and McCulloch, J. 1989. Effects of MK-801 upon local cerebral glucose utilisation in conscious rats and in rats anaesthetised with halothane. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 9:786?794.

Sharp, F. R., Jasper, P., Hall, J., Noble, L. and Sagar, S. M. 1991. MK-801 and Ketamine induce heat shock protein HSP72 in injured neurons in posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. Ann. Neurol. 30:801?809.

Sharp, F. R., Wang, S., Butman, J., Koistanaho, J., Graham, S., Noble, L., and Sagar, S. M. 1992. Haloperidol and Rimcazole prevent induction of the HSP70 heat shock gene in neurons injured by phencyclidine and MK-801. Neurosci. Abs. 18, 1145.

Nehls, D. G., Park, C. K., MacCormack, A. G. and McCulloch, J. 1990. The effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade upon the relationship between cerebral blood flow and glucose utilisation. Brain Res. 511:271?279.

Park, C. K., Nehls, D. G., Graham, D. I., Teasdale, G. M., and McCulloch, J. 1988. The glutamate antagonist MK-801 reduces focal ischaemic brain damage in the rat. Ann. Neurol. 24:543?551.

Sauer, D., Allegrini, P. R., Amacker, H. and Fagg, G. E. 1991. Neuroprotection by a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist as measured in vivo by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Soc. Magnetic Res. Med., Abstracts 1:334.

Sauer, D., Massieu, L., Allegrini, P. R. and Fagg, G. E. 1991. Comparative neuroprotective effects of competitive and non-compeptitive NMDA receptor antagonists in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11:Suppl. 2 S298.

Simon, R., and Shiraishi, K. 1990. N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist reduces stroke size and regional glucose metabolism. Ann. Neurol. 27:606?611.

Takizawa, S., Hogan, M., and Hakim, A., 1991. The effects of a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist (CGS 19755) on cerebral pH and blood flow in focal ischaemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metabol. 11:786?793.