Sự phụ thuộc mật độ bù đắp trong quần thể cá : tầm quan trọng, tranh cãi, nhận thức và triển vọng

Fish and Fisheries - Tập 2 Số 4 - Trang 293-327 - 2001
Kenneth A. Rose1, James H. Cowan1, Kirk O. Winemiller2, Ransom A. Myers3, Ray Hilborn4
1Coastal Fisheries Institute and Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Wetland Resources Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
2Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843‐2258 USA
3Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H-4J1.
4School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắt

Các quá trình phụ thuộc mật độ như tăng trưởng, sinh tồn, sinh sản và di chuyển được coi là bù đắp nếu tỷ lệ của chúng thay đổi theo sự biến đổi của mật độ quần thể (hoặc số lượng) sao cho kém phát triển dân số bị chậm lại ở mật độ cao và thúc đẩy sự gia tăng số lượng quần thể ở mật độ thấp. Sự phụ thuộc mật độ bù đắp là rất quan trọng trong quản lý nghề cá vì nó hoạt động nhằm bù đắp tổn thất của các cá thể. Mặc dù khái niệm bù đắp rất dễ hiểu, nhưng nó vẫn là một trong những vấn đề gây tranh cãi nhất trong động lực học quần thể. Những khó khăn phát sinh khi chuyển từ các khái niệm chung sang các quần thể cụ thể. Bù đắp thường được định lượng bằng cách sử dụng một số sự kết hợp của phân tích cá đẻ - cá tuyển dụng, giám sát hiện trường lâu dài hoặc các nghiên cứu can thiệp và mô hình máy tính. Các vấn đề phát sinh do có những hạn chế đối với từng phương pháp này, và những hạn chế này thường xuất phát từ sự không chắc chắn cao liên quan đến các phép đo thực địa. Chúng tôi đưa ra một cách tiếp cận phân cấp để dự đoán và hiểu bù đắp, dao động từ rất chung, sử dụng lý thuyết lịch sử sống cơ bản, đến rất cụ thể, sử dụng các mô hình quần thể chi tiết. Chúng tôi phân tích một cơ sở dữ liệu về cá đẻ - cá tuyển dụng để kiểm tra các dự đoán về bù đắp và dự trữ bù đắp mà xuất phát từ một hệ khung lịch sử sống ba điểm được thiết kế cho cá. Chúng tôi sau đó tóm tắt các ví dụ thực địa về tính phụ thuộc mật độ trong các quá trình cụ thể. Các nghiên cứu giám sát hiện trường lâu dài được chọn, các nghiên cứu can thiệp và các ví dụ về mô hình máy tính sẽ được nêu bật để minh họa cách mà các quá trình phụ thuộc mật độ dẫn đến các phản ứng bù đắp ở mức quần thể. Một số tiến bộ lý thuyết và thực nghiệm cung cấp hy vọng cho tiến bộ trong tương lai về vấn đề bù đắp sẽ được thảo luận. Chúng tôi ủng hộ một cách tiếp cận đối với bù đắp liên quan đến việc hiểu các cơ chế nền tảng ở cấp độ quá trình, lý thuyết lịch sử sống, phân tích cẩn thận dữ liệu thực địa, và mô hình ma trận cũng như dựa trên cá thể. Luôn có các cuộc tranh luận nếu việc định lượng bù đắp không bao gồm một mức độ hiểu biết về các cơ chế nền tảng.

Từ khóa


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