Comparison of titanium and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages in the surgical treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a prospective, randomized, control study with over 7-year follow-up

Bagby GW (1988) Arthrodesis by the distraction-compression method using a stainless steel implant. Orthopedics 11(6):931–934

Bao Z, Zhao W, Wu D, Shen B, Yu B, Wang Z (2012) Box cages packed with local decompression bone were efficient in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37(20):E1260–E1263

Barsa P, Suchomel P (2007) Factors affecting sagittal malalignment due to cage subsidence cage assisted anterior cervical fusion. Eur Spine J 16(9):1395–1400

Brooke NS, Roeke AW, King AT, Gullan RW (1997) Preliminary experience of carbon fiber cage prostheses for treatment of cervical spine disorders. Br J Neruosurg 11(3):221–227

Bucciero A, Zorzi T, Piscopo GA (2008) Peek cage-assisted anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at four levels: clinical and radiographic results. J Neurosurg Sci 52(2):37–40

Cabraja M, Oezdemir S, Koeppen D, Kroppenstedt S (2012) Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: comparison of titanium and polyetheretherketone cages. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 13:172

Cho DY, Liau WR, Lee WY, Liu JT, Chiu CL, Sheu PC (2002) Preliminary experience using a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage in the treatment of cervical disc disease. Neurosurgery 51(6):1343–1349

Cho DY, Lee WY, Sheu PC (2004) Treatment of multilevel cervical fusion with cages. Surg Neurol 62(5):378–385

Chou YC, Chen DC, Hsleh WA, Chen WF, Yen PS, Harnod T, Chlou TL, Chang YL, Su CF, Lin SZ, Chen SY (2008) Efficacy of anterior cervical fusion: comparison of titanium cages, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages and autogenous bone graft. J Clin Neurosci 12(11):1240–1245

Cheng L, Nie L, Zhang L, Hou Y (2009) Fusion versus Bryan cervical disc in two-level cervical disc disease: a prospective, randomized study. Int Orthop 33(5):1347–1351

Cloward R (1958) The anterior approach for removal of ruptured cervical discs. J Neurosurg 15(6):602–617

Dufour T, Huppert J, Louis C, Beaurain J, Stecken J, Aubourg L, Vila T (2010) Radiological analysis of 37 segments in cervical implanted with a peek standalone device, with at least one year follow-up. Br J Neurosurg 24(6):633–640

Ha SK, Park JY, Kim SH, Lim DJ, Kim SD, Lee SK (2008) Radiologic assessment of subsidence in stand-alone cervical polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 44(6):370–374

Harker RJ, Cauthen JC, Gillbert TJ, Griffth SL (2000) A prospective randomized multicenter clinical evaluation of anterior cervical fusion cage. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25(20):2646–2654

Hwang SL, Hwang YF, Lieu AS, Lin CL, Kuo TH, Su YF, Howng SL, Lee KS (2005) Outcome analysis of interbody titanium cage fusion used in the anterior discectomy for cervical degenerative disc disease. J Spinal Disord Tech 18(4):326–331

Hwang SL, Lin CL, Lieu AS, Lee KS, Kuo TH, Hwang YF, Su YF, Howng SL (2004) Three-level and four-level anterior cervical discectomies and titanium cage augmented fusion with and without plate fixation. J Neurosurg Spine 1(2):160–167

Kim SW, Limson MA, Kim SB, Arbatin JJ, Chang KY, Park MS, Shin JH, Ju YS (2009) Comparison of radiographic changes after ACDF versus Bryan disc arthroplasty in single and bi-level cases. Eur Spine J 18(2):218–231

Kolstad F, Nygaard QP, Andresen H, Leivseth G (2010) Anterior cervical arthrodesis using a “stand alone” cylindrical titanium cage: prospective analysis of radiographic parameters. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 35(16):1545–1550

Liu Y, Hou Y, Yang L, Chen H, Wang X, Wu X, Gao R, Wang C, Yuan W (2012) Comparison of 3 reconstructive techniques in the surgical management of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37(23):E1450–E1458

Maid ME, Vadhva M, Holt RT (1999) Anterior cervical reconstruction using titanium cages with anterior plating. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 24(15):1604–1610

Matge G (2002) Cervical fusion with 5 different implants: 250 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 144(6):539–549

Meier U, Kemmesies D (2004) Experience with six different intervertebral disc spacers for spondylodesis of the cervical spine. Orthopaed 33(11):1290–1299

McAfee PC, Reah C, Gilder K, Eisermann L, Cunningham B (2012) A meta-analysis of comparative outcomes following cervical arthroplasty or anterior cervical fusion: results from 4 prospective multicenter randomized clinical trials and up to 1226 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37(11):943–952

Niu CC, Liao JC, Chen WJ, Chen LH (2010) Outcomes of interbody fusion cases used in 1 and 2-levels anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: titanium cages versus polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages. J Spinal Disord Tech 23(5):310–316

Schmieder K, Wolzik-Grossmann M, Pechlivanis I, Engelhardt M, Scholz M, Harders A (2006) Subsidence of the wing titanium cage after anterior cervical interbody fusion: 2-year follow-up study. J Neurosurg Spine 4(6):447–453

Shousha M, Ezzati A, Boehm H (2012) Four-level anterior cervical discectomies and cage-augmented fusion with and without fixation. Eur Spine J 21(12):2512–2519

Smith GW, Robinson RA (1958) The treatment of certain cervical-spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc and interbody fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 40A(3):607–624

Song KJ, Lee KB, Song JH (2012) Efficacy of multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus corpectomy and fusion for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a minimum 5-year follow-up study. Eur Spine J 21(8):1551–1557

Song KJ, Yoon SJ, Lee KB (2012) Three- and four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a PEEK cage and plate construct. Eur Spine J 21(12):2492–2497

Thome C, Krauss JK, Zevgaridls D (2004) A prospective clinical comparison of rectangular titanium cages and iliac crest autografts in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Neurosurg Rev 27(1):34–41

Wang X, Chen Y, Chen D, Yaun W, Chen X, Zhou X, Xiao J, Ni B, Jia L (2009) Anterior decompression and interbody fusion with BAK/C for cervical disc degenerative disorders. J Spinal Disord Tech 22(4):240–245

Wang JC, McDonough PW, Kanim LE, Endow KK, Delamarter RB (2001) Increased fusion rates with cervical plating for three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 26(6):643–646

Wu WJ, Jiang LS, Liang Y, Dai LY (2012) Cage subsidence does not, but cervical lordosis improvement does affect the long-term results of anterior cervical fusion with stand-alone cage for degenerative cervical disc disease: a retrospective study. Eur Spine J 21(7):1374–1382

Xie N, Yuan W, Ye X, Ni B, Chen D, Xiao J, Jia L (2008) Anterior cervical locking plate-related complications; prevention and treatment recommendations. Int Orthop 32(5):649–655

Yang JJ, Yu CH, Chang BS, Yeom JS, Lee JH, Lee CK (2011) Subsidence and nonunion after anterior cervical interbody fusion using a stand-alone polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage. Clin Orthop Surg 3(1):16–23

Yang L, Gu Y, Liang L, Gao R, Shi S, Shi J, Yuan W (2012) Stand-alone anchored spacer versus anterior plate for multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Orthopedics 35(10):e1503–e1510

Young WF, Rosenwasser RH (1993) An early comparative analysis of the fibular allograft versus autologous iliac crest graft for interbody fusion after anterior cervical discectomy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 18(9):1123–1124

Younger EM, Chapman MW (1989) Morbidity at bone graft donor sites. J Orthop Trauma 3(3):192–195

Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen C, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang B, Yan W, Li M, Yuan W, Wang Y (2012) Randomized, controlled, multicenter, clinical trial comparing BRYAN cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical decompression and fusion in China. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37(6):433–438