Comparison of impervious surface area and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of surface urban heat island effects in Landsat imagery

Adams, 1995, Classification of multiple images based on fractions of endmembers: Application to land-cover change in the Brazilian Amazon, Remote Sensing of Environment, 52, 137, 10.1016/0034-4257(94)00098-8

Arnold, 1996, Impervious surface coverage: The emergence of a key environmental indicator, Journal of the American Planning Association, 62, 243, 10.1080/01944369608975688

Arthur, 2000, Land use dynamics of Chester County, Pennsylvania, from a satellite remote sensing perspective, Geocarto International, 15, 25, 10.1080/10106040008542137

Barsi, 2005, Validation of a web-based atmospheric correction tool for single thermal band instruments, vol. 5882

Bauer, M. E., Heinert, N. J., Doyle, J. K., &Yuan, F. (2004). Impervious surface mapping and change monitoring using satellite remote sensing. Proceedings, American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Annual Conference. May 24–28, 2004. unpaginated CD ROM, 10 pp.

Carlson, 2000, The impact of land use/land cover changes due to urbanization on surface microclimate and hydrology: A satellite perspective, Global and Planetary Change, 25, 49, 10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00021-7

Carlson, 1997, On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and leaf area index, Remote Sensing of Environment, 62, 241, 10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00104-1

Carlson, 1994, A method to make use of thermal infrared temperature and NDVI measurements to infer surface soil water content and fractional vegetation cover, Remote Sensing Reviews, 9, 161, 10.1080/02757259409532220

Carlson, 1995, An interpretation of methodologies for indirect measurement of soil water content and fractional vegetation cover, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 77, 191, 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02261-U

Carlson, 1995, An overview of the workshop on thermal remote sensing held at La Londe les Maures, France, September 20–24, 1993, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 77, 141, 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02258-Y

Chander, 2003, Revised Landsat-5 TM radiometric calibration procedures and postcalibration dynamic ranges, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41, 2674, 10.1109/TGRS.2003.818464

Civco, 2002, Quantifying and describing urbanizing landscapes in the northeast United States, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 68, 1083

Gallo, 1993, The use of NOAA AVHRR data for assessment of the urban heat island effect, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 32, 899, 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0899:TUONAD>2.0.CO;2

Gallo, 1999, Satellite based adjustments for the urban heat island temperature bias, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 806, 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0806:SBAFTU>2.0.CO;2

Gillies, 1995, Thermal remote sensing of surface soil water content with partial vegetation cover for incorporation into climate models, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 34, 745, 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<0745:TRSOSS>2.0.CO;2

Gillies, 1997, A verification of the ‘triangle’ method for obtaining surface soil water content and energy fluxes from remote measurements of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and surface radiant temperature, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18, 3145, 10.1080/014311697217026

Goward, 1985, Observed relation between thermal emission and reflected spectral radiance of a complex vegetated landscape, Remote Sensing of Environment, 18, 137, 10.1016/0034-4257(85)90044-6

Goward, 2002, Evaluating land surface moisture conditions from the remotely sensed temperature/vegetation index measurements: an exploration with the simplified simple biosphere model, Remote Sensing of Environment, 79, 225, 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00275-9

Gutman, 1998, The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19, 1533, 10.1080/014311698215333

Heinz, 2001, Fully constrained least-squares linear spectral mixture analysis method for material quantification in hyperspectral imagery, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 39, 529, 10.1109/36.911111

Landsat 7 Science Data Users Handbook, 2006. URL: http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/IAS/handbook/handbook_toc.html, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (last date accessed 10 August 2006).

Lo, 1997, Application of high-resolution thermal infrared remote sensing and GIS to assess the urban heat island effect, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18, 287, 10.1080/014311697219079

Lu, 2003, Linear mixture model applied to Amazonian vegetation classification, Remote Sensing of Environment, 87, 456, 10.1016/j.rse.2002.06.001

Lu, 2004, Spectral mixture analysis of the urban landscape in Indianapolis city with Landsat ETM+ imagery, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 70, 1053, 10.14358/PERS.70.9.1053

Nemani, 1989, Estimation of regional surface resistance to evapotranspiration from NDVI and Thermal-IR AVHRR data, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 28, 276, 10.1175/1520-0450(1989)028<0276:EORSRT>2.0.CO;2

Oke, 1976, City size and the urban heat island, Atmospheric Environment, 7, 769, 10.1016/0004-6981(73)90140-6

Oke, 1982, The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 108, 1

Owen, 1998, An assessment of satellite remotely-sensed land cover parameters in quantitatively describing the climatic effect of urbanization, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19, 1663, 10.1080/014311698215171

Phinn, 2002, Monitoring the composition and form of urban environments based on the vegetation–impervious surface–soil (VIS) model by sub-pixel analysis techniques, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23, 4131, 10.1080/01431160110114998

Price, 1990, Using spatial context in satellite data to infer regional scale evapotranspiration, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28, 940, 10.1109/36.58983

Rashed, 2001, Revealing the anatomy of cities through spectral mixture analysis of multispectral satellite imagery: A case study of the greater Cairo region, Egypt, Geocarto International, 16, 5, 10.1080/10106040108542210

Roberts, 1998, Mapping chaparral in the Santa Monica Mountains using multiple endmember spectral mixture models, Remote Sensing of Environment, 65, 267, 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00037-6

Roth, 1989, Satellite-derived urban heat islands from three coastal cities and the utilization of such data in urban climatology, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10, 1699, 10.1080/01431168908904002

Settle, 1993, Linear mixing and the estimation of ground cover proportions, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14, 1159, 10.1080/01431169308904402

Small, 2001, Estimation of urban vegetation abundance by spectral mixture analysis, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22, 1305, 10.1080/01431160151144369

Snyder, 1998, Classification based emissivity for land surface temperature measurement from space, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19, 2753, 10.1080/014311698214497

Stankowski, 1972, Population density as an indirect indicator of urban and suburban land-surface modifications, B219

Voogt, 2003, Thermal remote sensing of urban areas, Remote Sensing of Environment, 86, 370, 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00079-8

Weng, 2001, A remote sensing-GIS evaluation of urban expansion and its impact on surface temperature in the Zhujiang Delta, China, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22, 1999

Weng, 2004, Estimation of land surface temperature–vegetation abundance relationship for urban heat island studies, Remote Sensing of Environment, 89, 467, 10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.005

Wu, 2004, Normalized spectral mixture analysis for monitoring urban composition using ETM+ imagery, Remote Sensing of Environment, 93, 480, 10.1016/j.rse.2004.08.003

Wu, 2003, Estimating impervious surface distribution by spectral mixture analysis, Remote Sensing of Environment, 84, 493, 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00136-0

Yang, 2003, An approach for mapping large-area impervious surfaces: Synergistic use of Landsat 7 ETM+ and high spatial resolution imagery, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, 230, 10.5589/m02-098

Yuan, 2005, Land cover mapping and change analysis in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area with Landsat remote sensing, Remote Sensing of Environment, 98, 317, 10.1016/j.rse.2005.08.006