Comparison of Survival Outcomes and Risk Factors Between Ductal Carcinoma of the Prostate and Acinar Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: A Population-based Propensity Score–matching Study

Seipel, 2016, Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate: histogenesis, biology and clinicopathological features, Pathology, 48, 398, 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.04.001 Bergamin, 2019, Ductal carcinoma of the prostate: an uncommon entity with atypical behaviour, Clin Oncol, 31, 108, 10.1016/j.clon.2018.10.011 Zhou, 2018, High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, PIN-like carcinoma, ductal carcinoma, and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, Mod Pathol, 31, S71, 10.1038/modpathol.2017.138 Brinker, 1999, Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed on needle biopsy: correlation with clinical and radical prostatectomy findings and progression, Am J Surg Pathol, 23, 1471, 10.1097/00000478-199912000-00004 Russell, 2022, Intraductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with cribriform or papillary ductal morphology: rare biopsy cases lacking associated invasive high-grade carcinoma, Am J Surg Pathol, 46, 233, 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001819 Morgan, 2010, Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate: increased mortality risk and decreased serum prostate specific antigen, J Urol, 184, 2303, 10.1016/j.juro.2010.08.017 Samaratunga, 2010, Any proportion of ductal adenocarcinoma in radical prostatectomy specimens predicts extraprostatic extension, Hum Pathol, 41, 281, 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.08.010 Hertel, 2011, Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate, J Urol, 186, 277, 10.1016/j.juro.2011.04.031 Meeks, 2012, Incidence and outcomes of ductal carcinoma of the prostate in the USA: analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, BJU Int, 109, 831, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10520.x Tu, 2002, Prostate carcinoma with testicular or penile metastases. Clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features, Cancer, 94, 2610, 10.1002/cncr.10546 Ranasinghe, 2020, Patterns of metastases of prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Cancer, 126, 3667, 10.1002/cncr.32957 Kryvenko, 2022, Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma controlled for tumor grade, stage, and margin status does not independently influence the likelihood of biochemical recurrence in localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 146, 1012, 10.5858/arpa.2021-0048-OA Jang, 2017, Prognostic significance of the proportion of ductal component in ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate, J Urol, 197, 1048, 10.1016/j.juro.2016.11.104 Knipper, 2019, Contemporary comparison of clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes of prostate ductal carcinoma and acinar adenocarcinoma: a population-based study, Clin Genitourin Cancer, 17, 231, 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.04.009 Mottet, 2021, EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer—2020 update. Part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent, Eur Urol, 79, 243, 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.042 Ranasinghe, 2021, Ductal prostate cancers demonstrate poor outcomes with conventional therapies, Eur Urol, 79, 298, 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.11.015 Cornford, 2021, EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II—2020 update: treatment of relapsing and metastatic prostate cancer, Eur Urol, 79, 263, 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.046 Schweizer, 2019, Genomic characterization of prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma identifies a high prevalence of DNA repair gene mutations, JCO Precis Oncol, 3 Topalian, 2012, Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer, N Engl J Med, 366, 2443, 10.1056/NEJMoa1200690 Taube, 2014, Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy, Clin Cancer Res, 20, 5064, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-3271 Haffner, 2018, Comprehensive evaluation of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer, Am J Pathol, 188, 1478, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.014 Lindh, 2019, PD-L1 expression and deficient mismatch repair in ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate, APMIS, 127, 554, 10.1111/apm.12970