So sánh khí nitơ và chất lỏng cách nhiệt để kiểm soát hiệu ứng nhiệt-áp suất trong giếng khí sâu

Iranian Journal of Science - Tập 47 - Trang 389-400 - 2023
Bo Zhang1, Lihu Cao2, Nu Lu3, Bo Zou4, Junfeng Xie2, Cheng Li5, Wenming Wang6, Hai Zhong7, Wei Fan2, Yushan Zheng1, Jinrui Deng1
1Research Institute of Safety and Environment Technology, CNPC, Beijing, China
2Research Institute of Oil and Gas Engineering, Tarim Oilfield Petrochina, Korla, Xinjiang, China
3Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, China
4Oil and Gas Field Productivity Construction Department of Tarim Oilfield Company, Petrochina, Korla, Xinjiang, China
5Drilling Technology Research Institute, SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Service Corporation, Dongying, China
6International Engineering Company of CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
7Safety, Environment and Technology Supervision Research Institute of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu, China

Tóm tắt

Chất lỏng cách nhiệt và khí nitơ là hai phương pháp phổ biến để kiểm soát áp suất vòng bị giữ lại do hiệu ứng nhiệt-áp suất gây ra, nhưng rất ít nghiên cứu phân tích hiệu suất kiểm soát của hai biện pháp này trong giếng khí sâu. Do đó, bài báo này xây dựng một mô hình để so sánh hiệu suất kiểm soát và đề xuất một hệ số an toàn để đánh giá hiệu suất kiểm soát khi ống dẫn hoàn toàn bị tắc. Kết quả cho thấy độ chênh lệch nhiệt độ giữa ống dẫn và vỏ ống tạo ra điều kiện cho áp suất vòng bị giữ lại. Chỉ khi lưu lượng sản xuất vượt qua một giá trị nhất định, chất lỏng cách nhiệt mới có thể giảm áp suất vòng bị giữ lại. Khí nitơ có thể đạt được hiệu suất kiểm soát tốt sau khi thể tích khí nitơ vượt quá 0,03 bất kể thời gian sản xuất và lưu lượng sản xuất. Để tránh rủi ro sụp đổ ống dẫn, áp suất vòng cần được kiểm soát dưới giá trị tới hạn. Tuy nhiên, chất lỏng cách nhiệt không thể giảm áp suất vòng xuống giá trị tới hạn. Khí nitơ có thể ngăn chặn sự sụp đổ ống dẫn dưới các mật độ chất lỏng khác nhau bằng thể tích phù hợp. Do đó, khí nitơ được khuyến nghị.

Từ khóa

#khí nitơ #chất lỏng cách nhiệt #hiệu ứng nhiệt-áp suất #áp suất vòng #giếng khí sâu

Tài liệu tham khảo

Aasen JA, Aadnoy BS (2009) Multistring analysis of wellhead movement. J Petrol Sci Eng 66(3–4):111–116 Ai S, Cheng L, Huang S, Liu H, Zhang J, Fu L (2015) A critical production model for deep HT/HP gas wells. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 22:132–140 Bell E, Lu Y, Daraboina N, Sarica C (2021) Thermal methods in flow assurance: a review. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 88:103798 Bo Z, Jin Y, Zhengli L (2015) Mechanism of pressure management by injecting nitrogen in casing annulus of deepwater wells. Pet Explor Dev 42(3):422–426 Bradford DW, Fritchie DG, Gibson DH, Gosch SW, Pattillo PD, Sharp JW, Taylor CE (2004) Marlin failure analysis and redesign: part 1—description of failure. SPE Drill Complet 19(02):104–111 Brown J, Kenny N, Slagmulder Y (2016) Unique cement design to mitigate trapped annular pressure TAP between two casing strings in steam injection wells. In: SPE Heavy oil conference and exhibition, Kuwait City, Kuwait Cao L, Sun J, Liu J, Liu J (2022a) Experiment and application of wax deposition in Dabei deep condensate gas wells with high pressure. Energies 15(17):6200 Cao L, Sun J, Zhang B, Lu N, Xu Y (2022b) Sensitivity analysis of the temperature profile changing law in the production string of a high-pressure high-temperature gas well considering the coupling relation among the gas flow friction, gas properties, temperature, and pressure. Front Phys 10:1112 Da Veiga AP, Martins IO, Barcelos JG, Ferreira MVD, Alves EB, da Silva AK, Barbosa JR Jr (2022) Predicting thermal expansion pressure buildup in a deepwater oil well with an annulus partially filled with nitrogen. J Petrol Sci Eng 208:109275 Dalla Vecchia F, dos Santos VHJM, Schütz MK, Ponzi GGD, e Stepanha ASDG, de Fraga Malfatti C, da Costa EM (2020) Wellbore integrity in a saline aquifer: experimental steel-cement interface degradation under supercritical CO2 conditions representative of Brazil’s Parana basin. Int J Greenh Gas Control 98:103077 Eriksen K, Panamarathupalayam B, Foxenberg WE, Chumakov E (2014, October) A novel high temperature insulating packer fluid. In: Paper presented in SPE Russian oil and gas exploration and production technical conference and exhibition Ferreira MV, Hafemann TE, Barbosa JR, da Silva AK, Hasan R (2017) A numerical study on the thermal behavior of wellbores. SPE Prod Oper 32(04):564–574 Guan ZC, Zhang B, Wang Q, Liu YW, Xu YQ, Zhang Q (2016) Design of thermal-insulated pipes applied in deepwater well to mitigate annular pressure build-up. Appl Therm Eng 98:129–136 Hasan AR, Kabir CS (2012) Wellbore heat-transfer modeling and applications. J Petrol Sci Eng 86:127–136 Hasan AR, Kabir CS (1991) Heat transfer during two-phase flow in Wellbores; Part I—formation temperature. In: Paper presented in SPE annual technical conference and exhibition Hu Z, Yang J, Liu S, Li W, Li S, Tong G (2018) Prediction of sealed annular pressure between dual packers in HPHT deepwater wells. Arab J Geosci 11(17):1–11 Javora PH, Pearcy R, Wang X, Stevens D, Qu Q (2008) A decade of experience—the water-based thermal insulating packer fluid. In: Paper presented in SPE annual technical conference and exhibition Jiang L, Xu H, Shi T, Zou A, Mu Z, Guo J (2015) Downhole multistage choke technology to reduce sustained casing pressure in a HPHT gas well. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 26:992–998 Jordan P (2020) Chronic well leakage probability relative to basin and fluid characteristics. Proc Natl Acad Sci 117(3):1249–1251 Kan C, Yang J, Yu X, Wang Y (2018) A novel mitigation on deepwater annular pressure buildup: unidirectional control strategy. J Petrol Sci Eng 162:577–587 Klementich EF, Jellison MJ (1986) A service-life model for casing strings. SPE Drill Eng 1(02):141–152 Lackey G, Rajaram H (2019) Modeling gas migration, sustained casing pressure, and surface casing vent flow in onshore oil and gas wells. Water Resour Res 55(1):298–323 Li C, Guan Z, Zhang B, Wang Q, Xie H, Yan Y, Han C (2021b) Failure and mitigation study of packer in the deepwater HTHP gas well considering the temperature–pressure effect during well completion test. Case Stud Therm Eng 26:101021 Li C, Guan Z, Zhang B, Cao L, Xu Z, Xie J, Liu H, Lou E, Zhang X (2020) Analysis of tubing-casing annular pressure in early production stage in high temperature high pressure wells. In: Paper presented in offshore technology conference Asia Li C, Jin Y, Guan Z, Dang Z, Jin J, Zhang B (2021a) New quantitative risk prediction method of deepwater blowout: case study of Macondo well accident. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util Environ Eff 1–20 Liu J, Fan H, Zhu L, Tian D, Wen Z, Liu Y, Wang G (2017) Development of a transient method on predicting multi-annuli temperature of subsea wells. J Petrol Sci Eng 157:295–301 Luo W (2022) Analysis and control of annular pressure caused by leakage effect of completion string for HP/HT/HHS gas wells in Sichuan Basin. Petrol Sci Technol 1–20 Ma T, Tang Y, Chen P, He Y (2019) Mitigation of annular pressure buildup for deepwater wells using a recovery relief method. Energy Sci Eng 7(5):1727–1747 Maiti S, Gupta H, Vyas A, Kulkarni SD (2022) Evaluating precision of annular pressure buildup (APB) estimation using machine-learning tools. SPE Drill Complet 37(01):93–103 Min J, Chaodong T, Jun L, Xinping C, Jingjia L (2017) Comparisons between protection fluid and nitrogen column in tube-casing annulus of gas storage wells. Acta Petrolei Sinica 38(10):1210–1216 Mohsenipour A, Zahmatkesh I, Soleimani B (2022) Fractures analysis using core data and image logs: a case study in the Dalan–Kangan reservoir of south pars gas field, Iran. Iran J Sci Technol Trans A Sci 1–10 Mwang’ande AW, Liao H, Zeng L (2019) Mitigation of annulus pressure buildup in offshore gas wells by determination of top of cement. J Energy Resour Technol 141(10):102901 Oudeman P, Bacarreza LJ (1995) Field trial results of annular pressure behavior in a high-pressure/high-temperature well. SPE Drill Complet 10(2):84–88 Pattillo PD, Bellarby JE, Ross GR, Gosch SW, McLaren GD (2004) Thermal and mechanical considerations for design of insulated tubing. SPE Drill Complet 19(03):181–188 Pu C (2022) Prediction and analysis of annular pressure caused by temperature effect for HP/HT/HHS and water production gas wells in Sichuan Basin. J Petrol Explor Prod Technol 12(2):507–517 Qi M, Moghanloo RG, Su X, Li M (2021) An integrated simulation approach for wellbore blockage considering precipitation, aggregation, and deposition of asphaltene particles. SPE J 26(05):3151–3166 Raja Ismail RMH, Zainal Abidin F, Thuzar M, Rameli MF, Kumar AK, Moh Wahi MW, Yun Thiam Y (2022) Concerted approach for annular pressure build-up APB mitigations to safeguard well integrity of subsea, high temperature carbonate exploration well. In: Paper presented in offshore technology conference Asia Ramakrishnan TS (2007) On reservoir fluid-flow control with smart completions. SPE Prod Oper 22(01):4–12 Sathuvalli UB, Pilko RM, Gonzalez RA, Pai RM, Sachdeva P, Suryanarayana PV (2017) Design and performance of annular-pressure-buildup mitigation techniques. SPE Drill Complet 32(03):168–183 Skogdalen JE, Vinnem JE (2012) Quantitative risk analysis of oil and gas drilling, using Deepwater Horizon as case study. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 100:58–66 Tengfei S, Xinquan Z, Shujie L, Yanfeng C, Renjun X (2018) Annular pressure buildup calculation when annulus contains gas. Chem Technol Fuels Oils 54(4):484–492 Teodoriu C, Kosinowski C, Amani M, Schubert J, Shadravan A (2013) Wellbore integrity and cement failure at HPHT conditions. Int J Eng 2(2):2305–8269 Vargo RF, Payne M, Faul R, LeBlanc J, Griffith JE (2003) Practical and successful prevention of annular pressure buildup on the Marlin project. SPE Drill Complet 18(03):228–234 Wang L, Gao B, Hu T, Ma C (2020) Design and application of foamed spacer to mitigate annular pressure induced by fluid thermal expansion. Appl Therm Eng 165:114524 Wang H, Guan ZC, Shi YC, Chen WQ, Liu YW, Zhang B, Wang XH (2018a) Modeling and analyzing the motion state of bottom hole assembly in highly deviated wells. J Petrol Sci Eng 170:763–771 Wang H, Zhang H, Li J, Zeng Y, Ding S, Tao Q (2018b) Optimization of the annulus nitrogen injection volume in offshore wells with annular pressure buildup. In: SPE Kingdom of Saudi Arabia annual technical symposium and exhibition, Dammam, Saudi Arabia Wang Y (2013) Research of gas liquid mixture flow characteristics through choke and its application. Xi’an Petroleum Unversity Master Thesis. Wu F, Li F, Zhao X, Bolan NS, Fu P, Lam SS et al (2022) Meet the challenges in the “Carbon Age.” Carbon Res 1(1):1–2 Xiao D, Hu Y, Meng Y, Li G, Wang T, Chen W (2022a) Research on wellbore temperature control and heat extraction methods while drilling in high-temperature wells. J Petrol Sci Eng 209:109814 Xiao D, Hu Y, Wang Y, Deng H, Zhang J, Tang B, Xi J, Tang S, Li G (2022b) Wellbore cooling and heat energy utilization method for deep shale gas horizontal well drilling. Appl Therm Eng 118684 Yan Y, Guan Z, Zhang B, Chen W (2021) Numerical investigation of debonding extent development of cementing interfaces during hydraulic fracturing through perforation cluster. J Petrol Sci Eng 197:107970 Zhang B, Guan Z, Lu N, Hasan AR, Wang Q, Xu B (2019a) Trapped annular pressure caused by thermal expansion in oil and gas wells: a review of prediction approaches, risk assessment and mitigation strategies. J Petrol Sci Eng 172:70–82 Zhang B, Guan Z, Sheng Y, Wang Q, Xu C (2016a) Impact of wellbore fluid properties on trapped annular pressure in deepwater wells. Pet Explor Dev 43(05):869–875 Zhang B, Guan Z, Zhang Q (2015) Prediction and analysis on annular pressure of deepwater well in the production stage. Acta Petrolei Sinica 36(8):1012–1017 Zhang B, Lu N, Guo Y, Wang Q, Cai M, Lou E (2022) Modeling and analysis of sustained annular pressure and gas accumulation caused by tubing integrity failure in the production process of deep natural gas wells. J Energy Res Technol 144(6):063005 Zhang B, Sun B, Deng J, Lu N, Zhang Z, Fan H, Chen W (2021a) Method to optimize the volume of nitrogen gas injected into the trapped annulus to mitigate thermal-expanded pressure in oil and gas wells. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 96:104334 Zhang B, Xu Z, Guan Z, Li C, Liu H, Xie J, Hasan AR, Wang Q (2019b) Evaluation and analysis of nitrogen gas injected into deepwater wells to mitigate annular pressure caused by thermal expansion. J Petrol Sci Eng 180:231–239 Zhang B, Xu Z, Lu N, Liu H, Liu J, Hu Z, Xie J, Wang K (2021b) Characteristics of sustained annular pressure and fluid distribution in high pressure and high temperature gas wells considering multiple leakage of tubing string. J Petrol Sci Eng 196:108083 Zhang Z, Zhou Z, He Y, Zhou J (2017) Study of a model of wellhead growth in offshore oil and gas wells. J Petrol Sci Eng 158:144–151 Zhang B, Guan Z, Lu N, Hasan AR, Xu S, Zhang Z, Xu B, Xu Y (2018) Control and analysis of sustained casing pressure caused by cement sealed integrity failure. In: Paper presented in offshore technology conference Asia held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Zhang B, Guan Z, Wang Q, Xuan L, Liu Y, Sheng Y (2016b) Appropriate completion to prevent potential damage of annular pressure buildup in deepwater wells. In: Paper presented in IADC/SPE Asia pacific drilling technology conference Zhou S, Xu M, You F (2016) Solid-free thermal insulation water base packer fluid technology for deep water operation. Drill Fluid Complet Fluid 33(2):36–40 Zhu SD, Wei JF, Cai R, Bai ZQ, Zhou GS (2011) Corrosion failure analysis of high strength grade super 13Cr-110 tubing string. Eng Fail Anal 18(8):2222–2231