Comparison of Different Solid-Phase Extraction Materials for Sample Preparation in the Analysis of Veterinary Drugs in Water Samples
Tóm tắt
This paper focuses on the study of different types of SPE material that can be used for preconcentration of eight pharmaceuticals from water samples. The compounds studied were enrofloxacine, norfloxacine, Oxytetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, sulfaguanidine, and penicillin G/procaine. Cartridges were tested on spiked water samples and extraction efficiency was determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) CN-modified chromatographic plates with 0.05 m H2C2O4-methanol, 81 + 19, as mobile phase. Strata-X cartridges were proved to be the best type of SPE material for this group of pharmaceutical compounds. For this reason an SPE—TLC method with Strata-X cartridges and HPTLC plates was validated. The method has been applied to the determination of pharmaceutical products in production wastewater samples from the pharmaceutical industry.
Tài liệu tham khảo
M. Petrović, M.D. Hernando, M.S. Diaz-Cruz, and D. Barcelo, J. Chromatogr. A 1067 (2005) 1–14.
M.S. Diaz-Cruz, M.J. López de Alda, and D. Barceló, Trends Anal. Chem. 22 (6) (2003) 340–351.
T.A.M. Msagati and M.M. Nindi, Talanta 64 (2004) 87–100.
S. Thiele-Bruhn, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 166 (2003) 145–167.
R.D. McDowall, E. Doyle, O.S. Murkitt, and V.S. Picot, J. Pharm. Biomed Anal. 7(9) (1989) 1087–1096.
H. Kataoka, Trends Anal. Chem. 22(4) (2003) 232–244.
P.A. Blackwell, H-CH. Luitzhøft, H.-P. Ma, B. Halling-Sørensen, A.B.A. Boxall, and P. Kay, J. Chromatogr. A 1045 (2004) 111–117.
S. Yang and K.H. Carlson, J. Chromatogr. A 1038 (2004) 141–155.
S. Weigel, R. Kallenborn, and H. Hiihnerfuss, J. Chromatogr. A 1023 (2004) 183–195.
M.J. Hilton and K. V. Thomas, J. Chromatogr. A 1015 (2003) 129–141.
T.A. Ternes, Trends Anal. Chem. 20(8) (2001) 419–434.
M.E. Lindsey, M. Meyer, and E.M. Thurman, Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 4640–4646.
B. Shao, D. Dongm Y. Wu, J. Hu, J. Meng, X. Tu, and S. Xu, Anal. Chim. Acta 546 (2005) 174–181.
K.E. Maudens, G.-F. Zhang, and E. Lambert, J. Chromatogr. A 1047 (2004) 85–92.
A.M. Jacobsen, B. Halling-Sørensen, F. Lngerslev, and S. Honoré-Hansen, J. Chromatogr. A 1038 (2004) 157–170.
V. Pichon, M. Bouzige, C. Mège, and M-C. Hennion, Trends Anal. Chem. 18(3) (1999) 219–235.
C.F. Poole, Trends Anal. Chem. 22(6) (2003) 362–373.
P. Tölgyessy and I. Liška, J. Chromatogr. A 657 (1999) 247–254.
N. Fontanals, R.M. Marcé, and F. Borrull, Trends Anal. Chem. 24(5) (2005) 394–406.
N. Masqué, R.M. Marcé, and F. Borrull, Trends Anal. Chem. 17(6) (1998) 384–394.
D. Ašperger, D. Mutavdžić, S. Babić, A.J.M. Horvat, and M. Kaštelan-Macan, J. Planar Chromatogr. 19 (2006) 129–134.
S. Babić, D. Ašperger, D. Mutavdžić, A.J.M. Horvat, and M. Kaštelan-Macan, J. Planar Chromatogr. 18 (2005) 423–426.
D. Mutavdžić, A.J.M. Horvat, S. Babić, and M. Kaštelan-Macan, J. Sep. Sei. 28(13) (2005) 1485–1492.
S. Babić, D. Mutavdžić, and M. Kaštelan-Macan, J. Planar Chromatogr. 16 (2003) 160–164.
M. Petrović, S. Babić, and M. Kaštelan-Macan, Croat. Chem. Acta 73(1) (2000) 197–207.
S. Babić, M. Petrović, and M. Kaštelan-Macan, J. Chromatogr. A 823 (1998) 3–9.
W. Szczepaniak and A. Szymański, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Related Technol. 23(8) (2000) 1217–1231.
J. Beausse, Trends Anal. Chem. 23(10/11) (2004) 753–761.
M.Y. Haller, S.R. Müller, C.S. McArdell, A.C. Alder, and M.J.-F. Suter, J. Chromatogr. A 952 (2002) 111–120.
K. Valkó and P. Slégel, J. Chromatogr. 631 (1993) 49–61.
Z. Qiang and C. Adams, Water Res. 38 (2004) 2874–2890.
P. Westerhoff, Y. Yoon, S. Snyder, and E. Wert, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39(17) (2005) 6649–6663.
J.E. Renew and C.-H. Huang, J. Chromatogr. A 1042 (2004) 113–121.
P. Nagaraja, H.S. Yathirajan, C.R. Raju, R.A. Vasantha, P. Nagendra, and M.S. Hemantha Kumar, Il Farmaco 58 (2003) 1295–1300.
SPE Reference Manual and Users Guide, Phenomenex