Comparing the Performance of Male-and Female-Controlled Businesses: Relating Outputs to Inputs

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice - Tập 26 Số 3 - Trang 91-100 - 2002
John Watson1
1University of Western Australia

Tóm tắt

Previous research has found that female-owned businesses generally underperform male-owned businesses on a variety of measures such as sales and profit. Further, this underperformance appears to persist even after controlling for demographic differences. However, previous studies have tended to limit their assessment of performance to output measures (sales or profit, for example) without relating these output measures to appropriate inputs (such as total assets or owner's equity). This would appear to be a significant oversight.

After controlling for industry, age of business, and the number of days a business operated, this study finds no significant differences between male- and female-controlled businesses with respect to total income to total assets (TITTA), the return on assets (ROA), or the return on equity (ROE). Interestingly, if the control variables are removed, there is evidence to suggest that female-controlled businesses outperform male-controlled businesses.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Anna A. L., 2000, Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 279, 10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00012-3

Barber B. M., 2001, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116, 261, 10.1162/003355301556400

10.1177/104225879401800306

Chell E., 1998, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 10, 117, 10.1080/08985629800000007

Cliff J. E., 1998, Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 523, 10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00071-2

Coleman S., 2000, Journal of Small Business Management, 38, 37

Cooper A. C., 1994, Journal of Business Venturing, 9, 371, 10.1016/0883-9026(94)90013-2

Du Rietz A., 2000, Small Business Economics, 14, 1, 10.1023/A:1008106215480

Fasci M. A., 1998, Journal of Small Business Management, 36, 1

Fischer E. M., 1993, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 151, 10.1016/0883-9026(93)90017-Y

Jianakoplos N.A., 1998, Economic Inquiry, 36, 620, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1998.tb01740.x

Kalleberg A. L., 1991, Academy of Management Journal, 34, 136, 10.2307/256305

Palepu K. G., 2000, Business analysis and valuation: Using financial statements.

Powell M., 1997, Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 605, 10.1016/S0167-4870(97)00026-3

Rosa P., 1996, Small Business Economics, 8, 463, 10.1007/BF00390031

Sexton D. L., 1990, Journal of Business Venturing, 5, 29, 10.1016/0883-9026(90)90024-N