Comparing policies to combat emissions leakage: Border carbon adjustments versus rebates

Aldy, 2009, The U.S. competitiveness impacts of domestic greenhouse gas mitigation policies, Report for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change Asselt, 2007, European emissions trading and the international competitiveness of energy-intensive industries: a legal and political evaluation of possible supporting measures, Energy Policy, 35, 497, 10.1016/j.enpol.2005.12.013 Babiker, 2005, Climate change policy, market structure, and carbon leakage, Journal of International Economics, 65, 421, 10.1016/j.jinteco.2004.01.003 Babiker, 2005, The economic effects of border measures in subglobal climate agreements, The Energy Journal, 26, 99, 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol26-No4-6 Bagwati, 2007, Is action against U.S. exports for failure to sign kyoto protocol WTO-legal?, World Trade Review, 6, 299, 10.1017/S1474745607003291 Böhringer, 1998, Alternative CO2 abatement strategies for the european union, 16 Brewer, 2010, Trade policies and climate change policies: a rapidly expanding joint agenda, The World Economy, 33, 799, 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2010.01284.x J.-M. Burniaux, and J.O. Martins, Carbon Emission Leakage: A General Equilibrium View. ECO/WKP(2000)15, Economics Department Working Papers No. 242. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2000. de Cendra, 2006, Can emissions trading schemes be coupled with border tax adjustments? An analysis vis-à-vis WTO law, Review of European Community and International Environmental Law (RECIEL), 15, 131, 10.1111/j.1467-9388.2006.00518.x Charnovitz, 2009 Demailly, 2006, CO2 abatement, competitiveness and leakage in the European cement industry under the EU ETS: grandfathering versus output-based allocation, Climate Policy, 6, 93, 10.3763/cpol.2006.0606 Demailly, 2008, European emission trading scheme and competitiveness: a case study on the iron and steel industry, Energy Economics, 30, 2009, 10.1016/j.eneco.2007.01.020 European Commission, Directorate General for Environment, McKinsey & Company, and Ecofys, Report on International Competitiveness, EU ETS Review, Brussels: European Commission, 2006, 〈http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/emission/pdf/etsreview/061222compreport.pdf〉. Fischer, 2007, Output-based allocation of emissions permits for mitigating tax and trade interactions, Land Economics, 83, 575, 10.3368/le.83.4.575 C. Fischer, A.K. Fox. On the Scope for Output-Based Rebating in Climate Policy: When Revenue Recycling Isn't Enough (or Isn't Possible), RFF Discussion Paper 10-69, Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Fischer, 2004, Multilateral trade agreements and market-based environmental policies, Vol. 1, 363 Gielen, 2002, CO2 in the iron and steel industry: an analysis of Japanese emission reduction potentials, Energy Policy, 30, 849, 10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00143-4 O. Godard. Unilateral European Post-Kyoto Climate Policy and Economic Adjustment at EU Borders, EDF—Ecole Polytechnique: Cahier No. DDX 07-15, 2007. Green, 2006, Trade rules and climate change subsidies, World Trade Review, 5, 377, 10.1017/S1474745606002928 Grubb, 2006, Allocation and competitiveness in the EU emissions trading scheme: policy overview, Climate Policy, 6, 7, 10.3763/cpol.2006.0602 Hepburn, 2006, Auctioning of EU ETS Phase II allowances: why and how?, Climate Policy, 6, 137, 10.3763/cpol.2006.0608 M. Ho, R.D. Morgenstern, J.-S. Shih, Impact of Carbon Price Policies on U.S. Industry, RFF Discussion Paper 08-37, Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Hoel, 1996, Should a carbon tax be differentiated across sectors?, Journal of Public Economics, 59, 17, 10.1016/0047-2727(94)01490-6 Horn, 2011, To B(TA) or not to B(TA)? On the legality and desirability of border tax adjustments from a trade perspective, The World Economy, 34, 1911, 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01423.x Hoerner, 1996 J.-C. Hourcade, D. Demailly, K. Neuhoff, M. Sato. Differentiation and Dynamics of EU ETS Industrial Competitiveness Impacts, Climate Strategies Report, 2007, 〈http://www.climatestrategies.org/component/reports/category/17/37.html〉. Houser, 2008 International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), 2008, Climate Change: Schwab Opposes Potential Trade Measures, Bridges Trade BioRes, 8 Ismer, 2009, Border tax adjustments: a feasible way to support stringent emission trading, European Journal of Law and Economics, 24, 137, 10.1007/s10657-007-9032-8 L.S. Karp, J. Zhao. A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol, Discussion paper 2008-03, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements, September 2008. Kommerskollegium, 2004 Ben Lockwood, John Whalley. Carbon-motivated border tax adjustments: old wine in green bottles? The World Economy 33 (6) (2010) 810–819 (Wiley Blackwell) Stéphanie, Monjon, Philippe, Quirion. Addressing leakage in the EU ETS: border adjustment or output-based llocation? Ecological Economics 70 (11) (2011) 1957–1971 (Elsevier) K. Neuhoff, S. Droege. 2007. International Strategies to Address Competitiveness Concerns, Electricity Policy Research Group Working paper No. 6. Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge. J. Pauwelyn, U.S. Federal Climate Policy and Competitiveness Concerns: The Limits and Options of International Trade Law. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions. Working paper 07-02. Durham, NC: Duke University, 2007. E.B. Peterson, J. Schleich, Economic and Environmental Effects of Border Tax Adjustments, Working paper Sustainability and Innovation No. S1/2007. Karlsruhe, Germany: Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research, 2007. Jean-Pierre Ponssard, Neil Walker. EU Emissions Trading and the cement sector: a spatial competition analysis, Climate Policy 8 (2008) 467–493 J. Reinaud, Issues Behind Competitiveness and Carbon Leakage: Focus on Heavy Industry, IEA Information Paper, Paris, France: International Energy Agency/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2008. G. Sampson, WTO Rules and Climate Change: The Need for Policy Coherence, In Global Climate Governance: Inter-linkages between the Kyoto Protocol and Other Multilateral Regimes, Tokyo, Japan: Global Environment Information Centre, 1998. J.E. Stiglitz, A New Agenda for Global Warming. The Economists' Voice 3(7): article three. Berkeley Electronic Press, 2006.