Compact and wideband 3-D IPD butler matrix for millimeter-wave communications

Roh, 2014, Millimeter-wave beamforming as an enabling technology for 5G cellular communications: Theoretical feasibility and prototype results, IEEE Commun Mag, 52, 106, 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736750 Huo, 2017, 5G cellular user equipment: From theory to practical hardware design, IEEE Access, 5, 13992, 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2727550 Ojaroudiparchin, 2016, A switchable 3-D-coverage-phased array antenna package for 5G mobile terminals, IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Lett, 15, 1747, 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2532607 Bang, 2018, A SAR reduced Mm-Wave beam-steerable array antenna with dual-mode operation for fully metal-covered 5G cellular handsets, IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Lett, 17, 1118, 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2836196 Chin, 2008, A 24-GHz CMOS butler matrix MMIC for multi-beam smart antenna systems, 633 Park, 2020, A 28 GHz CMOS butler matrix for 5G mm-wave beamforming systems, Microw Opt Technol Lett, 62, 2499, 10.1002/mop.32353 Trinh-Van, 2019, A sidelobe-reduced, four-beam array antenna fed by a modified 4x4 butler matrix for 5G applications, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 67, 4528, 10.1109/TAP.2019.2905783 Ashraf, 2021, PMC packaged single-substrate 4 × 4 butler matrix and double-ridge gap waveguide horn antenna array for multibeam applications, IEEE Trans Microw Theory Technol, 69, 248, 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3022092 Lee, 2021, A 28-GHz switched-beam antenna with integrated butler matrix and switch for 5G applications, Sensors, 21, 5128, 10.3390/s21155128 Yang, 2016, SIW multibeam array for 5G mobile devices, IEEE Access, 4, 2788, 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2578458 Yang, 2016, SIW butler matrix with modified hybrid coupler for slot antenna array, IEEE Access, 4, 9561, 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2645938 Sun, 2020, Millimeter-wave multibeam antenna based on folded C-Type SIW, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 68, 3465, 10.1109/TAP.2020.2966050 Pezhman, 2021, A compact 4 × 4 SIW beamforming network for 5G applications, AEU - Int J Electron Commun, 135, 10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153714 Wang, 2018, A low-loss butler matrix using patch element and honeycomb concept on SISL platform, IEEE Trans Microw Theory Technol, 66, 3622, 10.1109/TMTT.2018.2845868 Haroun I, Lin T-Y, Chang D-C, Plett C. A Compact 24-26 GHz IPD-Based 4×4 Butler Matrix for Beam Forming Antenna Systems. In: 2012 Asia pacific microwave conference. 2012, p. 965–7. Lee W-C, Min B-W, Kim C-Y, Kim JC, Yook J-M. A Compact Switched Beam-Forming Network Using Silicon IPD Technology for Low-Cost 5G Communication. In: 2016 IEEE MTT-S international microwave symposium. 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2016.7538229. Carchon, 2004, Wafer-level packaging technology for High-Q on-chip inductors and transmission lines, IEEE Trans Microw Theory Technol, 52, 1244, 10.1109/TMTT.2004.825656 Cayron, 2018, High-performance compact 3-D solenoids for RF applications, IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett, 28, 479, 10.1109/LMWC.2018.2831438 Pozar, 2011 Hogerheiden, 1997, Improved planar spiral transformer theory applied to a miniature lumped element quadrature hybrid, IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 45, 543, 10.1109/22.566635 Cayron, 2019, Wideband and compact 3-D quadrature coupler for 5G applications, 129 Liu, 2012, Investigation of integrated passive device with through-silicon via, 1833 Letz, 2018, Glass in electronic packaging and integration: High Q inductances for 2.35 GHz impedance matching in 0.05 Mm thin glass substrates, 1089 Kim, 2018, Ultrathin High- Q 2-D and 3-D RF inductors in glass packages, IEEE Trans Compon Packag Manuf Technol, 8, 643 Li, 2019, Fully symmetric 3-D transformers with through-silicon via IPD technology for RF applications, IEEE Trans Compon Packag Manuf Technol, 9, 2143, 10.1109/TCPMT.2019.2943404 Ma, 2023, A low-loss bandpass filter with stacked double-layer structure using glass-based integrated passive device technology, IEEE Electron Device Lett, 44, 1216, 10.1109/LED.2023.3275197 Cayron, 2020, Measurement and deembedding technique for the on-wafer characterization of multiport devices, 53 Tippet, 1982, A rigorous technique for measuring the scattering matrix of a multiport device with a 2-port network analyzer, IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 30, 661, 10.1109/TMTT.1982.1131118 Haroun, 2012, Compact 60-GHz IPD-based branch-line coupler for system-on-package V-Band radios, IEEE Trans Compon Packag Manuf Technol, 2, 1070, 10.1109/TCPMT.2012.2186450