Comorbidity prevalence and treatment outcome in children and adolescents with ADHD

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - Tập 26 Số 12 - Trang 1443-1457 - 2017
Laura Reale1, Beatrice Bartoli2, Massimo Cartabia1, Michele Zanetti1, Maria Antonella Costantino3, Maria Paola Canevini4, Cristiano Termine5, Maurizio Bonati1
1Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,” Milan, Italy
2Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
3Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
4Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
5University of Insubria

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) Mental health surveillance among children—United States, 2005–2011. MMWR 62:1–35

Barkley RA, Russell A (2014) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford Publications, New York

Feinstein A (1970) The pre-therapeutic classification of co-morbidity in chronic disease. J Chron Dis 23:455–468

Caron C, Rutter M (1991) Comorbidity in child psychopathology: concepts, issues and research strategies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 32:1063–1080

Angold A, Costello EJ, Erkanli A (1999) Comorbidity. Child Psychol Psychiatry 40(1):57–87

Blanco C, Wall MM, He JP (2015) The space of common psychiatric disorders in adolescents: comorbidity structure and individual latent liabilities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 54(1):45–52

Gillberg C, Carlström G, Rasmussen P (1983) Hyperkinetic disorders in seven-year-old children with perceptual, motor and attentional deficits. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 24(2):233–246

Brown T (2000) Attention-Deficit Disorders and Comorbidities in children, adolescent and adults. American Psychiatric Press, Washington

Biederman J, Monuteaux MC, Kendrick E, Klein KL, Faraone SV (2005) The CBCL as a screen for psychiatric comorbidity in paediatric patients with ADHD. Arch Dis Child 90:1010–1015

Gillberg C, Gillberg IC, Rasmussen P et al (2004) Coexisting disorders in ADHD: implications for diagnosis and intervention. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 13(Suppl 1):I80–I92

Jensen PS, Martin D, Cantwell DP (1997) Comorbidity in ADHD: implication for research, practice and DSM V. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36(8):1065–1079

Jensen PS, Hinshaw SP, Kraemer HC et al (2001) ADHD comorbidity findings from the MTA study: comparing comorbid subgroups. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40:147–158

Kadesjö B, Gillberg C (2001) The comorbidity of ADHD in the general population of Swedish school-age children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 42:487–492

Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Mick E (2007) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. Ambul Pediatr 7(suppl 1):73–81

Verkuijl N, Perkins M, Fazel M (2015) Childhood attention-deficit Hyperactivity disorder. Br Med J 350:h2168

Elia J, Ambrosini P, Berrettini W (2008) ADHD characteristics: I. Concurrent comorbidity patterns in children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2:15

Larson K, Russ SA, Kahn RS, Halfon N (2011) Patterns of Comorbidity, Functioning, and Service Use for US children with ADHD, 2007. Pediatrics 127(3):462–470

Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ (2002) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Annu Rev Med 53:113–131

Yoshimasu K, Barbaresi WJ, Colligan RC, Voigt RG, Killian JM, Weaver AL, Katusic SK (2012) Childhood ADHD is strongly associated with a broad range of psychiatric disorders during adolescence: a population-based birth cohort study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 53(10):1036–1043

Biederman J, Faraone SV (2005) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet 366(9481):237–248

Jensen CM, Steinhausen HC (2015) Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 7:27–38

Kadesjö B, Gillberg C (1999) Developmental coordination disorder in Swedish 7-year-old children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:820–828

DuPaul GJ, Gormley MJ, Laracy SD (2013) Comorbidity of LD and ADHD: implications of DSM-5 for assessment and treatment. J Learn Disabil 46(1):43–51

Becker SP, Luebbe AM, Langberg JM (2012) Co-occurring mental health problems and peer functioning among youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and recommendations for future research. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 15:279–302

Cortese S (2015) Sleep and ADHD: what we know and what we do not know. Sleep Med 16:5–6

Healy JM (2010) Different learners: identifying, preventing, and treating your child’s learning problems. Simon and Schuster, New York

Thapar A, Cooper M, Eyre O, Langley K (2013) What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? J Child Psychol Psyc 54:3–16

Gagliano A, Germanò E, Calamoneri F (2007) Specific learning diabilities and ADHD: characteristic of association. Giornale Neuropsichiatr Evolutiva 27:216–228

Luoni C, Balottin U, Zaccagnino M, Brembilla L, Livetti G, Termine C (2013) Reading difficulties and attention deficit-hyperactivity behaviours: evidence of an early association in a non clinical sample. J Res Read 38:73–90

Ben-Ari Y (2008) Neuro-archaelogy: pre-symptomatic architecture and signature of neurological disorders. Trends Neurosci 31(12):626–636

Pettersson E, Anckarsäter H, Gillberg C, Lichtenstein P (2013) Different neurodevelopmental symptoms have a common genetic etiology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54(12):1356–1365

Pennington BF (2006) From single to multiple deficit models of developmental disorders. Cognition 101:385–413

Mick E, Biederman J, Jetton J, Faraone SV (2000) Sleep disturbance associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the impact of psychiatric comorbidity and pharmacotherapy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 10(3):223–231

Kirov R, Brand S (2014) Sleep problems and their effect in ADHD. Expert Rev Neurother 14:287–299

Accardo JA, Marcus CL, Leonard MB, Shults J, Meltzer LJ, Elia J (2012) Association between psychiatric comorbidities and sleep disturbances in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr 33(2):97–105

Banaschewski T, Neale BM, Rothenberger A, Roessner V (2007) Comorbidity of tic disorder and ADHD: conceptual and methodological consideration. Eur Child Adol Psychiatry 16(1):5–14

Connor DF (2015) Pharmacological management of pediatric patients with comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder oppositional defiant disorder. Pediatric Drugs 17:361–371

Canadian Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Resource Alliance (CADDRA) (2011) Canadian ADHD practice guidelines, 3rd edn. CADDRA, Toronto

Freitag CM, Hänig S, Schneider A, Seitz C, Palmason H, Retz W, Meyer J (2012) Biological and psychosocial environmental risk factors influence symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidity in children with ADHD. J Neural Transm 119(1):81–94

Canino G, Shrout PE, Rubio-Stipec M et al (2004) The DSM-IV rates of child and adolescent disorders in Puerto Rico: Prevalence, correlates, service use and the effects of impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61(1):85–93

Newcorn JH, Halperin JM, Jensen PS et al (2001) Symptom profiles in children with ADHD: effects of comorbidity and gender. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40:137–146

Didoni A, Sequi M, Panei P, Bonati M, Lombardy ADHD Registry Group (2011) One-year prospective follow-up of pharmacological treatment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 67:1061–1067

Panei P, Arcieri R, Vella S, Bonati M, Martini N, Zuddas A (2004) Italian attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder registry. Pediatrics 114(2):514

Gazzetta Ufficiale Della Repubblica Italiana, No. 230; 3 ottobre 2003. http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2003-10-03&atto.codiceRedazionale=03A10942&elenco30giorni=false . Accessed March 27, 2017

Bonati M, Reale L, Zanetti M, Lombardy ADHD Group (2015) A Regional ADHD Center-Based Network Project for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With ADHD. J Atten Disord. doi: 10.1177/1087054715599573

Bonati M, Reale L (2013) Reducing overdiagnosis and disease mongering in ADHD in Lombardy. Br Med J 347:f7474

Zanetti M, Cartabia M, Didoni A, Fortinguerra F, Reale L, Bonati M (2016) The impact of a model based clinical regional registry for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Health Informatics J. doi: 10.1177/1460458216635835

Wechsler D (1991) Wechsler intelligence scale for children, WISC-III, 3rd edn. Psychological Corporation, New York

Wechsler D (2002) WPPSI-III administration and scoring manual. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio

Wechsler D (2003) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edn. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio

Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, Williamson D, Ryan N (1997) Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36(7):980–988

Achenbach TM, Eofbrock C (1983) Manual for the child behaviour checklist. University of Vermont, Burlington

Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, Epstein JN (1998) The revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 26:257–268

Goyette CH, Conners CK, Ulrich RF (1978) Normative data on revised Conners’ parent and teacher rating scales. J Abnorm Child Psychol 6:221–236

Guy W (1996) ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology: publication ADM 76-338. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, pp 218–222

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2008) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. CG72; 2008. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG72 . Accessed March 27, 2017

SINPIA (2002) Linee-guida per la diagnosi e la terapia farmacologica del Disturbo da Deficit Attentivo con Iperattività (ADHD) in età evolutiva. http://www.iss.it/binary/wpop/cont/SINPIA_L.g.ADHD.1116940207.pdf . Accessed March 27, 2017

Sharpe D (2015) Your Chi-Square test is statistically significant: Now What? Practical assessment. Res Eval 20:1–10

Cohen J (1969) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press, Cambridge

Amiri S, Shafiee-Kandjani AR, Fakhari A et al (2013) Psychiatric Comorbidities in ADHD Children: An Iranian Study among Primary School Students. Arch Iran Med 16(9):513–517

Bakare MO (2012) Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and disorder (ADHD) among African children: a review of epidemiology and co-morbidities. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg) 15(5):358–361

Bauermeister JJ, Shrout PE, Ramirez R (2007) ADHD correlates, co-morbidity, and impairment in community and treated samples of children and adolescent. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35(6):883–898

Daviss WB (2008) A review of comorbid depression in pediatric ADHD: etiology, phenomenology, and treatment. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 18:565–571

Farbstein I, Mansbach-Kleinfeld I, Auerbach JG, Ponizovsky AM, Apter A (2014) The Israel Survey of Mental health among adolescent: prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, comorbidity, methylphenidate use and help seeking patterns. Isr Med Assoc J 16(9):568–573

Maric M, Prins PJ, Ollendick TH (2015) Moderators and mediators of youth treatment outcomes. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Collisson BA, Graham SA, Preston JL, Rose MS, McDonald S, Tough S (2016) Risk and protective factors for late talking: an epidemiologic investigation. J Pediatr 172:168–174

Jurado D, Alarcón RD, Martínez-Ortega JM, Mendieta-Marichal Y, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Gurpegui M (2017) Factors associated with psychological distress or common mental disorders in migrant populations across the world. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment 10(1):45–58

Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:593–602

Lehti V, Chudal R, Suominen A, Gissler M, Sourander A (2016) Association between immigrant background and ADHD: a nationwide population-based case-control study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 57(8):967–975

Zenglein Y, Schwenck C, Westerwald E, Schmidt C, Beuth S, Meyer J, Palmason H, Seitz C, Hänig S, Freitag CM (2016) Empirically Determined, Psychopathological Subtypes in Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 20:96–107

Frigerio A, Rucci P, Goodman R et al (2009) Prevalence and correlates of mental disorders among adolescents in Italy: The PrISMA study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 18(4):217–226

Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA (2015) Annual Research Review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescent. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 56(3):345–365

Park S, Kim BN, Cho SC, Kim JW, Shin MS, Yoo HJ (2015) Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidities of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in children in Seoul, Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 27:1942–1951

Barkley RA, Brown TE (2008) Unrecognized attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults presenting with other psychiatric disorders. CNS Spectr 13(11):977–984

Essau CA, Gabbidon J (2013) Epidemiology, comorbidity and mental health service utilization. Blackwell Publishing, The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of the treatment of childhood and adolescent anxiety. doi: 10.1111/b.9780470667354.2013.00003.x

Jarret MA, Ollendick TH (2008) A conceptual review of the comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety: implication for further research and practice. Clin Psychol Rev 28(7):1266–1280

Fischer M, Barkley RA, Smallish L, Fletcher K (2002) Young adult follow-up of hyperactive children: self-reported psychiatric disorders, comorbidity, and the role of childhood conduct problems and teen CD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 30(5):463–475

Lundervold AJ, Hinshaw SP, Sørensen L, Posserud MB (2016) Co-occurring symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a population-based sample of adolescents screened for depression. BMC Psychiatry 16:46

Lee MJ, Yang KC, Shyu YC, Yuan SS, Yang CJ, Lee SY, Lee TL, Wang LJ (2016) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, its treatment with medication and the probability of developing a depressive disorder: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. J Affect Disord 189:110–117

Masi G, Millepiedi S, Mucci M, Bertini N, Pfanner C, Arcangeli F (2006) Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in referred children and adolescents. Compr Psychiatry 47(1):42–47

Faraone SV, Biederman J, Mennin D, Wozniak J, Spencer T (1997) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with bipolar disorder: a familial subtype? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:1378–1387

Merikangas KR, Calkins ME, Burstein M et al (2015) Comorbidity of physical and mental disorders in the neurodevelopmental genomics cohort study. Pediatrics 135:e927–e938

SINPIA (2015) L’assistenza ai minori con disturbi neuropsichici in lombardia. Prevenzione, diagnosi, cura e riabilitazione nella rete dei servizi di Neuropsichiatria dell’Infanzia e dell’Adolescenza. http://goo.gl/egJ0EN . Accessed March 27, 2017

Clavenna A, Cartabia M, Sequi M et al (2013) Burden of psychiatric disorders in the pediatric population. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 23(2):98–106

van Ewijk H, Noordermeer SD, Heslenfeld DJ et al (2016) The influence of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder on white matter microstructure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 25:701–710

March JS, Swanson JM, Arnold LE et al (2000) Anxiety as a predictor and outcome variable in the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD (MTA). J Abnorm Child Psychol 28(6):527–541

MTA Cooperative Group (1999) A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56(12):1073–1086

Busner J, Targum SD (2007) The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 4:28–37

Evans SW, Owens JS, Bunford N (2014) Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 43:527–551

Pelham WE, Fabiano GA (2008) Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 37(1):184–214

Thapar A, Cooper M (2016) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet 387:1240–1250

Button KS, Ioannidis JP, Mokrysz C et al (2013) Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:365–376

Becker SP, Langberg JM, Evans SW (2015) Sleep problems predict comorbid externalizing behaviors and depression in young adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 24(8):897–907

Gipson TT, Lance EI, Albury RA, Gentner MB, Leppert ML (2015) Disparities in identification of comorbid diagnoses in children with ADHD. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 54:376–381

Melchior M, Pryor L, van der Waerden J (2015) Commonalities and specificities between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism-spectrum disorders: can epidemiology contribute? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 24(8):855–858