Community characteristics and policing styles in suburban agencies

Policing - 2003
L. EdwardWells1, David N.Falcone1, CaraRabe‐Hemp1
1Department of Criminal Justice Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA

Tóm tắt

Recent policing reforms have strongly emphasized the role of community context in determining the form and content of effective policing, along with the traditional influence of organizational structures. Recognizing the increasing suburbanization of US communities, this study examines the empirical support for the underlying contextual and structural premises of these reforms in a sample of midwestern suburban communities. Merging data from a telephone survey of 194 municipal police departments in the five counties of the Chicago metropolitan statistical area with data on communities from other government sources, multiple regression was used to assess the relative importance of community context and organizational structure factors in accounting for differences in departmental policing styles. The findings both support and contradict some basic assumptions of current community‐oriented policing reforms, as well as some of the findings of prior studies. They underline the importance of empirically testing our theoretical assumptions in all types of community settings.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Buerger, M.E. (1994), “The limits of community”, in Rosenbaum, D.P. (Ed.), The Challenge of Community Policing, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 270‐3.

Bureau of Justice Assistance (1994), Understanding Community Policing: A Framework for Action, Monograph Number NCJ 148457, US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC.

Cardarelli, A.P. and McDevitt, J. (1995), “Toward a conceptual framework for evaluating community policing”, in Kratcoski, P.C. and Dukes, D. (Eds), Issues in Community Policing, Anderson, Cincinnati, OH, pp. 229‐42.

Census Bureau (1995), County and City Data Book, 1994, CD‐ROM, Inventory Number CD‐CCDB‐94, US Census Bureau, Administrative and Customer Services Division, Washington, DC.

Census Bureau (2000), Population Estimates of Metropolitan Areas, Metropolitan Areas Inside Central Cities, Metropolitan Areas Outside Central Cities, and Nonmetropolitan Areas by State, July 1, 1999 and April 1, 1990, Report Number MA‐99‐6, US Census Bureau, Population Division, Washington, DC, available at: http://eire.census.gov/popest/archives/metro/ma99‐06.txt.

Cordner, G.W. (1997), “Community policing: elements and effects”, in Dunham, R.G. and Alpert, G.P. (Eds), Critical Issues in Policing, 3rd ed., Waveland, Prospect Heights, IL, pp. 451‐68.

Crank, J.P. (1990), “The influence of environmental and organizational factors on police style in urban and rural environments”, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 27 No. 2, pp. 166‐89.

Davenport, D.R. (1996), “Public agency performance and structure: assessing the effects of the organizational environment”, PhD dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.

Hickman, M.J. and Reaves, B.A. (2001), Community Policing in Local Police Departments, 1997 and 1999, Report Number NCJ 184794 1999, US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC.

Illinois State Police (ISP) (2000), Crime in Illinois, ISP, Division of Forensic Services and Identification, Springfield, IL.

International City/County Management Association (ICMA) (2000), The Municipal Yearbook 1999, ICMA, Washington, DC.

Klofas, J.M. (2000), “Metropolitan development and policing: the elephant in the living room”, Criminal Justice Review, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 234‐45.

Langworthy, R.H. (1986), The Structure of Police Organizations, Praeger, New York, NY.

Langworthy, R.H. (1992), “Organizational structure”, in Cordner, G.W. and Hale, D.C. (Eds), What Works in Policing? Operations and Administration Explained, Anderson, Cincinnati, OH.

Maguire, E.R. (1997a), “Context, complexity and control in large municipal police organizations”, PhD dissertation, State University of New York, Albany, NY.

Maguire, E.R. (1997b), “Structural change in large municipal police organizations during the community policing era”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 547‐75.

Maguire, E.R. and Mastrofski, S.D. (2000), “Patterns of community policing in the United States”, Police Quarterly, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 4‐45.

Maguire, E.R. and Uchida, C.D. (2000), “Measurement and explanation in the comparative study of American police organizations”, in Duffee, D. (Ed.), Criminal Justice 2000, Volume 4: Measurement and Analysis in Crime and Justice, Document Number NCJ 182411, US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC.

Maguire, E.R., Kuhns, J.B., Uchida, C.D. and Cox, S.M. (1997), “Patterns of community policing in nonurban America”, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 368‐94.

Mastrofski, S.D. (1998), “Community policing and police organization structure”, in Brodeur, J.P. (Ed.), How to Recognize Good Policing: Problems and Issues, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Meagher, M.S. (1985), “Police patrol styles: how pervasive is community variation?”, Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 36‐45.

Palen, J.J. (1995), The Suburbs, McGraw‐Hill, New York, NY.

Slovak, J.S. (1986), Styles of Urban Policing: Organization, Environment, and Police Styles in Selected American Cities, New York University Press, New York, NY.

Trojanowicz, R. (1994), Community Policing: A Survey of Police Departments in the United States, US Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC.

Swanson, C. (1978), “The influence of organization and environment on arrest policies in major US cities”, Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 390‐7.

Wilson, J.M. (2001), “Organizational context and community policing: measuring implementation and identifying its determinants”, paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Atlanta, GA, November.

Wilson, J.Q. (1968), Varieties of Police Behavior, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Zhao, Z. (1994), “Contemporary organizational change in community‐oriented policing: a contingency approach”, PhD dissertation, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.

Talarico, S.M. and Swanson, C.R. (1978), “Styles of policing: a preliminary mapping”, Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 398‐405.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Policing

Thông tin tác giả