Combined treatment with 9-cis β-carotene and 22R-hydroxycholesterol augments cholesterol efflux in macrophages

Rader, 2009, The role of reverse cholesterol transport in animals and humans and relationship to atherosclerosis, J. Lipid Res., 50, S189, 10.1194/jlr.R800088-JLR200 Hong, 2014, Liver X receptors in lipid metabolism: opportunities for drug discovery, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 13, 433, 10.1038/nrd4280 Claudel, 2001, Reduction of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by activation of the retinoid X receptor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 98, 2610, 10.1073/pnas.041609298 Zhou, 2015, Retinoic acid induces macrophage cholesterol efflux and inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation in apoE-deficient mice, Br. J. Nutr., 114, 509, 10.1017/S0007114515002159 Shibata, 2010, Macrophages, oxysterols and atherosclerosis, Circ. J., 74, 2045, 10.1253/circj.CJ-10-0860 Shaish, 2006, 9-cis beta-carotene-rich powder of the alga Dunaliella bardawil increases plasma HDL-cholesterol in fibrate-treated patients, Atherosclerosis, 189, 215, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.12.004 Takahashi, 2000, Mechanisms of chloride secretion induced by thermostable direct haemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in human colonic tissue and a human intestinal epithelial cell line, J. Med. Microbiol., 49, 801, 10.1099/0022-1317-49-9-801 Harari, 2008, A 9-cis beta-carotene-enriched diet inhibits atherogenesis and fatty liver formation in LDL receptor knockout mice, J. Nutr., 138, 1923, 10.1093/jn/138.10.1923 Relevy, 2015, 9-cis β-carotene inhibits atherosclerosis development in female LDLR-/-mice, Funct. Foods Health Dis., 5, 67, 10.31989/ffhd.v5i2.172 Ben-Amotz, 1988, Stereoisomers of beta-carotene and Phytoene in the alga Dunaliella bardawil, Plant Physiol., 86, 1286, 10.1104/pp.86.4.1286 Yeum, 1996, Human plasma carotenoid response to the ingestion of controlled diets high in fruits and vegetables, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 64, 594, 10.1093/ajcn/64.4.594 Havel, 1955, The distribution and chemical composition of ultracentrifugally separated lipoproteins in human serum, J. Clin. Invest., 34, 1345, 10.1172/JCI103182 Lowry, 1951, Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6 Sankaranarayanan, 2011, A sensitive assay for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux using BODIPY-cholesterol, J. Lipid Res., 52, 2332, 10.1194/jlr.D018051 Bechor, 2016, 9-cis beta-carotene increased cholesterol efflux to HDL in macrophages, Nutrients, 8, 10.3390/nu8070435 Koldamova, 2003, 22R-hydroxycholesterol and 9-cis-retinoic acid induce ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 expression and cholesterol efflux in brain cells and decrease amyloid beta secretion, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 13244, 10.1074/jbc.M300044200 Rühl, 2015, 9-cis-13, 14-dihydroretinoic acid is an endogenous retinoid acting as RXR ligand in mice, PLoS Genet., 11, e1005213, 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005213 Zanotti, 2011, Macrophage, but not systemic, apolipoprotein E is necessary for macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 31, 74, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.213892 Dove, 2005, ApoE-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages: separation of autocrine and paracrine effects, Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 288, C586, 10.1152/ajpcell.00210.2004 Zhu, 1998, Low-dose expression of a human apolipoprotein E transgene in macrophages restores cholesterol efflux capacity of apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse plasma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 95, 7585, 10.1073/pnas.95.13.7585 Schweigert, 1990, Parenteral beta-carotene administration to cows: effect on plasma levels, lipoprotein distribution and secretion in the milk, Z. Ernahrungswiss., 29, 184, 10.1007/BF02021557 Liu, 2002, Mechanism of selective retinoid X receptor agonist-induced hypothyroidism in the rat, Endocrinology, 143, 2880, 10.1210/endo.143.8.8930 Pinaire, 2007, Therapeutic potential of retinoid x receptor modulators for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome, PPAR Res., 2007, 94156, 10.1155/2007/94156