Ứng dụng kết hợp giữa chất thải đá cẩm thạch và vi sinh vật có lợi: Hướng tới một cách tiếp cận tiết kiệm chi phí để phục hồi các khu vực bị ô nhiễm kim loại nặng

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 29 - Trang 45683-45697 - 2022
Anas Raklami1,2, Abdelilah Meddich2,3, Eloisa Pajuelo4, Bernd Marschner5, Stefanie Heinze5, Khalid Oufdou1
1Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment (BioMAgE), Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
2Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnologies, and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (Agrobioval), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
3Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
4Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
5Soil Science/Soil Ecology, Geographicals Institute, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

Tóm tắt

Ô nhiễm kim loại nặng (HM) và nhu cầu bảo vệ môi trường đang thu hút ngày càng nhiều sự chú ý từ giới khoa học. Việc bất hoạt các kim loại nặng vào dạng ít tan, ít di động và ít độc hại hơn, cùng với việc cải thiện sự phát triển của cây Medicago sativa L. và tích lũy kim loại nặng đã được đánh giá sau khi áp dụng chất thải đá cẩm thạch (MW) và/hoặc vi khuẩn sinh học có lợi và nấm mycorrhizae vào phân compost từ đất khai thác. Một thí nghiệm trong nhà kính đã được thực hiện để làm rõ ảnh hưởng của cả hai loại bổ sung và vi sinh vật có lợi. Việc ứng dụng chất thải đá cẩm thạch vào phân compost đã dẫn đến việc giảm tính khả dụng sinh học của các kim loại (Cu, Zn, Pb và Cd), từ đó cải thiện việc thiết lập lớp thực vật trong vòng 6 tháng nuôi trồng. Việc trồng M. sativa dưới đất bổ sung 5% MW trong 6 tháng đã làm tăng trọng lượng khô của chồi gần gấp đôi, trong khi việc cấy ghép với vi khuẩn rhizobacteria-nấm mycorrhizae kết hợp với ứng dụng 15% MW dẫn đến cải thiện gấp 3.5 lần trọng lượng khô của chồi. Thêm vào đó, việc ứng dụng bổ sung chất thải đá cẩm thạch hoặc sự kết hợp của chúng với vi khuẩn kháng kim loại dẫn đến sự giảm tích lũy kim loại nặng, làm giảm hàm lượng kim loại nặng dưới ngưỡng được khuyến nghị cho vật nuôi chăn thả. Do đó, việc ứng dụng các chất bổ sung và vi sinh vật có lợi dường như đảm bảo an toàn cho việc trồng cây cỏ alfalfa trong 6 tháng nuôi trồng. Sự kết hợp đôi giữa các chất bổ sung và vi sinh vật có lợi cho thấy tiềm năng tốt để phục hồi các loại đất bị ô nhiễm kim loại nặng và có thể là một phương pháp mới cho việc phục hồi đất bị ô nhiễm kim loại nặng.

Từ khóa

#kim loại nặng #ô nhiễm môi trường #chất thải đá cẩm thạch #vi sinh vật có lợi #Medicago sativa #phục hồi đất

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