Đặc điểm đa hình màu sắc ở ghẹ dừa (Birgus latro)

Evolutionary Ecology - Tập 32 Số 1 - Trang 75-88 - 2018
Nokelainen, Ossi1,2, Stevens, Martin1, Caro, Tim3
1Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
2Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
3Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, USA

Tóm tắt

Ghẹ dừa (Birgus latro) có màu sắc rất đa dạng, tuy nhiên ý nghĩa của sự đa dạng màu sắc này chưa bao giờ được nghiên cứu. Chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu màu sắc, hình thái, hành vi và khả năng hòa hợp với môi trường của ghẹ dừa trưởng thành, loài chân đốt lớn nhất trên cạn, tại rìa phía tây của khu phân bố của chúng trên đảo Pemba, Tanzania. Người lớn rõ ràng có tính đa hình; chúng có dạng màu đỏ và màu xanh (tỷ lệ 3:1 trên đảo Pemba). Dự đoán tốt nhất về hình thái màu sắc là sắc thái phía bụng, mà qua phân tích hàm phân biệt, đã phân loại đúng 96% số ghẹ được phân vào nhóm màu đã định trước. Ngược lại, phân tích thành phần chính cho thấy một mức độ biến thể màu sắc chồng chéo. Chúng tôi không tìm thấy bằng chứng nào cho thấy màu sắc có liên quan đến giới tính hoặc kích thước. Con đực lớn hơn con cái và quần thể trưởng thành ở Pemba có vẻ thiên về con đực (3:1). Chúng tôi cũng báo cáo rằng ghẹ trưởng thành màu đỏ có thể hòa hợp với môi trường tốt hơn so với ghẹ màu xanh trên cạn, trong khi ghẹ màu xanh lại hòa hợp tốt hơn gần bờ so với ghẹ màu đỏ. Chúng tôi giả thuyết rằng mặc dù sự đa dạng màu sắc ở ghẹ dừa có thể được xác định bởi gen, có thể thông qua một đa hình gen crustacyanin ảnh hưởng đến sự ổn định của sắc tố da, việc duy trì nó có thể liên quan đến một số yếu tố sinh thái.

Từ khóa

#ghẹ dừa #đa hình màu sắc #màu sắc #sinh thái #Tanzania

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