College students' trait ratings of three age groups around the Pacific Rim

Jake Harwood1, Howard Giles2, Hiroshi Ōta3, Herbert D. Pierson4, Cindy Gallois5, Sik Hung Ng6, Tae-Young Lim7, Lilnabeth P. Somera8
1 Department of Communication Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
2Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
3Education Center for International Students, Nagoya University, Japan
4Institute of ESL, St John's University, Jamaica, USA
5Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
6Department of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
7Department of Communication and Journalism, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
8Department of Communication, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bengtson, V.L. & Smith, D.H. (1968). Social modernity and attitudes toward aging: A cross cultural survey, The Gerontologist 8: 26.

Braithwaite, V., Lynd-Stevenson, R. & Pigram, D. (1993). An empirical study of ageism: From polemics to scientific utility, Australian Psychologist 28: 9?15.

Branco, K.J. & Williamson, J.B. (1982). The stereotyping process and the life-cycle: Views of aging and the aged. In A.G. Miller (ed.), In the eye of the beholder: Contemporary issues in stereotyping (pp. 364?410). New York: Praeger.

Brewer, M.B., Dull, V. & Lui, L. (1981). Perception of the elderly: Stereotypes as prototypes, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41: 656?670.

Chang, B.L., Chang, A.F. & Yung, A.S. (1984). Attitudes toward aging in the United States and Taiwan, Journal of Comparative Family Studies 15: 109?130.

Cheung, C-K., Lee, J-J. & Chan, C-M. (1994). Self-esteem and perceptions of the elderly, Social Behavior and Personality 22: 279?290.

Cheung, M. (1989). Elderly Chinese living in the United States: Assimilation and adjustment?, Social Work, September 1989: 457?461.

Giles, H., Harwood, J., Pierson, H.D., Clément, R. & Fox, S. (in press), Stereotypes of the elderly and evaluations of patronizing speech: A cross-cultural foray. In R.K. Agnihotri, A.L. Khanna & I. Sachdev (eds.), Individual and social variables in language learning: Perspectives from multilingual settings. New Delhi, India: Sage.

Harwood, J. & Giles, H. (1993). Creating intergenerational distance: Language, communication and middle-age, Language Sciences 15: 1?24.

Harwood, J., Giles, H., Clément, R., Pierson, H.D. & Fox, S. (1994). Perceived vitality of age categories in California and Hong Kong, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 15: 311?318.

Ho, D.Y-F. (1994). Filial piety, authoritarian moralism, and cognitive conservatism in Chinese Societies, Genetic, Social and General Psychological Monographs 120: 347?365.

Hummert, M.L. (1990). Multiple stereotypes of elderly and young adults: A comparison of structure and evaluations, Psychology and Aging 5: 182?193.

Ikels, C., Keith, J., Dickerson-Putman, J., Draper, P., Fry, C., Glascock, A. & Harpending, H. (1992). Perceptions of the adult life-course: A cross-cultural analysis, Ageing and Society 12: 49?84.

Kite, M.E. & Johnson, B.T. (1988). Attitudes toward older and younger adults: A meta analysis, Psychology and Aging 3: 233?244.

Kogan, N. & Mills, M. (1992). Gender influences on age cognitions and preferences: Sociocultural or sociobiological?, Psychology and Aging 7: 98?106.

Koopman-Boyden, P.G. (1993). New Zealand's ageing society. Wellington: Dalphane Brasell.

Koyano, W. (1989). Japanese attitudes toward the elderly: A review of research findings, Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 4: 335?345.

Leung, K. & Bond, M.H. (1989). On the empirical identification of dimensions for cross-cultural comparisons, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 20: 133?151.

Levin, W.C. (1988). Age stereotyping: College student evaluations, Research on Aging 10: 134?148.

Levy, B. & Langer, E. (1994). Aging free from negative stereotypes: Successful memory in China and among the American deaf, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66: 989?997.

McGee, J. & Barker, M. (1982). Deference and dominance in old age: An exploration in social theory, International Journal of Aging and Human Development 15: 247?262.

Ng, S.H. (1992). Linguistic categories and young Hong Kong Chinese' stereotypes of elderly, middle-aged and younger people. Paper presented at the 20th annual meeting of Australian and New Zealand Social Psychologists, Orewa.

O'Connell, A.N. & Rotter, N.G. (1979). The influence of stimulus age and sex on person perception, Journal of Gerontology 34: 220?228.

Ota, H., Giles, H., Harwood, J., Pierson, H.D., Gallois, C., Ng, S.H., Lim, T-S., Ryan, E.B., Maher, J. & Somera, L. (1996a). A neglected dimension of communication and aging: Filial piety across eight nations. Top paper in the Commission on Communication and Aging in the Speech Communication Association annual conference, San Diego, CA.

Ota, H., Giles, H., Harwood, J., Pierson, H.D., Gallois, C., Ng, S.H., Lim, T-S., Ryan, E.B. & Somera, L. (1996b). Ethnolinguistic vitality and age groups across cultures. Paper presented at the Conference on Theory and Research on Communication and Culture, California State University, Fullerton, CA.

Park, M-S. & Kim, M-S. (1992). Communication practices in Korea, Communication Quarterly 40: 398?404.

Perdue, C.W. & Gurtman, M.B. (1990). Evidence for the automaticity of ageims, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 26: 199?216.

Sung, K-T. (1995). Measures and dimensions of filial piety in Korea, The Gerontologist 35: 240?247.

Tobin, J.J. (1987). The American idealization of old age in Japan, The Gerontologist 27: 53?58.

Toothaker, L. (1991). Multiple comparisons for researchers. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Williams, A., Ota, H., Giles, H., Pierson, H.D., Gallois, C., Ng, S.H., Lim, T-S., Ryan, E.B. & Harwood, J. (1996). Young people's beliefs about intergenerational communication: An initial cross-cultural comparison. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Chicago, IL.

Wither, A. & Hodges, I. (1987). Elderly people in New Zealand: A bibliography of New Zealand research, 1972?1985. Wellington: Department of Health.

Yum, J.O. (1988). The impact of Confucianism on interpersonal relations and communication patterns in East Asia, Communication Monographs 55: 374?388.