Collective Memory and the Transplanting of Shintō to Brazil
Tóm tắt
This paper deals with the process of Shintoism transplantation in Brazil and its related strategies of dissemination. Shintō in Brazil is divided in two diffusion stages representing at the same time two main poles in the transplantation process. The first phase is defined by State Shintō that remained the main worldview of Japanese immigrants in Brazil until the 1950s, initially uniting and later separating the ethnic community on issues such as emperor devotion and Japanese spirit loyalty. The transmission of the nationalistic belief was largely maintained by the provisionary Japanese schools and the Emperor cult recreated in Brazil. The second pole developed as a Japanese Brazilian (Nikkei) Shintō and is marked by the new Shintoist groups blended with the Spiritist worldview. These shrines were created in Brazil by the immigrants themselves, and some still preserve a combination of ancestor worship, Japanese folk religion, and incorporated local deities. At the end of the paper, I will review the current challenges of Shintō in Brazil as it relates to collective memory maintenance and connection with the local nature if the social survival of Shintō in Brazil is to be pursued.
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