Evolusi kiến trúc radio nhận thức: Biên niên sử viễn thông

Annales Des Télécommunications - Tập 64 - Trang 419-441 - 2009
Joseph Mitola1
1Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu về radio nhận thức đã phát triển quản lý phổ tần động nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả phổ tần, chẳng hạn như việc các người dùng thứ cấp truy cập vào các băng tần truyền hình không sử dụng. Vị trí và bối cảnh người dùng của người sử dụng công nghệ không dây di động mà các cơ quan quản lý và nhà lập pháp coi là quan trọng đối với các chính sách can thiệp vào phổ tần chưa được giải quyết một cách đầy đủ. Hơn nữa, chất lượng dịch vụ (QoS) cung cấp một điểm khởi đầu nhưng không đảm bảo chất lượng trải nghiệm (QoE) mà phụ thuộc vào chất lượng thông tin (QoI) - một hàm của địa điểm, thời gian và trạng thái người sử dụng trong một bối cảnh xã hội (ví dụ, trong quá trình đi lại, mua sắm hoặc cần trợ giúp y tế). Bài báo này xem xét sự tiến hóa của kiến trúc radio nhận thức (CRA) từ truy cập phổ tần động (DSA) sang QoE thông qua một góc nhìn liên ngành. Nhận thức máy móc trong các lĩnh vực thị giác, âm thanh, diễn thuyết và văn bản có thể giúp phát hiện tự động trạng thái người dùng trong các tình huống điển hình, cho phép các nút và mạng nhận thức chọn lựa giữa các băng tần và phương thức một cách chính xác hơn, từ đó cho phép các mạng không dây nhận thức (CWNs) cung cấp QoE cao hơn trong các ràng buộc chính sách kỹ thuật, theo cách sử dụng hiệu quả tài nguyên tính toán nhúng và phân tán. Việc kiểm soát các mạng của những radio nhận thức như vậy đòi hỏi sự tiến bộ trong các kiến trúc ngôn ngữ chính sách, do đó bài báo này giới thiệu ngữ pháp nhận thức cho các ngôn ngữ chính sách.

Từ khóa

#radio nhận thức #quản lý phổ tần #chất lượng dịch vụ (QoS) #chất lượng trải nghiệm (QoE) #kiến trúc ngôn ngữ chính sách

Tài liệu tham khảo

J. Mitola III, Cognitive Radio, Licentiate Thesis (Stockholm: KTH, The Royal Institute of Technology) Sep 99 J. Mitola III, “Cognitive Radio for Flexible Mobile Multimedia Communications,” Proc. IEEE Mobile Multimedia Communications Conference (MoMuC), (NY: IEEE Press) Nov 99 Mitola J III (2006) Cognitive radio architecture. Wiley, NY Fitzek F, Katz M (2006) Cooperation in wireless networks. Dordrecht, The Netherlands IEEE Dynamic Spectrum (DySPAN) Conference Proceedings, 2005 and 2007. IEEE Press, NY IEEE Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks (CROWN) Conference Proceedings (2007) IEEE Press, NY www.sdrforum.org/CRWG (cognitive radio working group notes) IEEE Cognitive Radio-Related Standards Activities: P1900, SCC41, and 802.22 Murley D. US DoD, employed this term in the sense indicated in a personal communication, circa 1998 Riihijarvi J, Mahonen P (2008) “Exploiting Spatial Statistics of Primary and Secondary Users towards Improved Cognitive Radio Networks” Proc. CrownCom 08. RWTH, Aachen, Germany Meshkova E, Riihijärvi J, Mähönen P, Kavadias C. “Modeling the Home Environment using Ontology with Applications in Software Configuration Management” Proc. of 15th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT). RWTH Aachen University, St. Petersburg, Russia. June 2008 Cognitive Vision AAAI Magazine. AAAI, Menlo Park, CA. October 2006 Human Language Technologies 2007, Proceedings (Stroudsburg, PA: Association for Computational Linguistics) April 2007 Ahtiainen A et al. Multiradio Scheduling and Resource Sharing and a Software Defined Radio Computing Platform, Proceedings SDR Forum Technical Conference (www.sdrforum.org) November 2008 Mitola J (2000) Software radio architecture. Wiley, NY Hui Huang, Zhaoyang Zhang, Peng Cheng, Guanding Yu and Oeilinag Qui, “Throughput Analysis of Cognitive MIMO System,” Proc. International Workshop on Cross Layer Design (IWCLD’07) (Jinan, China) Sep 07 David Novo, Bruno Bougard, Praveen Raghavan, Thomas Schuster, and Liesbet Van der Perre (Leuven, Belgium: IMEC); and Hong-Seok Kim and Ho Yang (Samsung), “Energy-Performance Exploration Of A CGA-Based SDR Processor,” (Leuven, Belgium: IMEC) in Proc. SDR Forum Technical Symposium 2006 (www.sdrforum.org) Linn C, Koski E. “The JTRS program: software-defined radios as a software product line,” Proc. 10th International Software Product Line Conference. IEEE Press, NY. August, 2006 www.sdrforum.org www.jtrsjpeo.gov www.omg.org/corba Mitola J III (ed). “Software Radio” IEEE Communications Magazine. IEEE Press, NY. May 95 Christophe MOY et al (2009) “IDROMEL: An Open Platform Addressing Advanced SDR Challenges,” Proc. SDR Forum Technical Conference (Denver: SDR Forum) Mahonen P (2004) Cognitive Trends In Making: Future Of Networks, Proc. PIMRC. IEEE Press, NY Manoj BS, Zorzi M, Rao R (2007) “A New Paradigm for Cognitive Networking” Proc. IEEE DySPAN. IEEE Press, NY Kovacs L, Vidacs A (2007) “Spectrum Auction and Pricing in Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Networks” Proc. IEEE DySPAN. IEEE Press, NY Sorabh Gandhi, Chiranjeeb Buragohain, Lili Cao, Haitao Zheng, and Subhash Suri, “Towards Real-Time Dynamic Spectrum Auctions” (Santa Barbara, CA: UCSB) cs.ucsb.edu, 22 May 07 David Grandblaise, Clemens Kloeck, Klaus Moessner, Virgilio Rodriguez, Eiman Mohyeldin, Maran Kumar Pereirasamy, Jijun Luo and Ihan Martoyo, Techno - Economic of Collaborative based Secondary Spectrum Usage - E2R Research: Project Outcomes Overview. Proc. IEEE DySPAN (NY: IEEE Press) 2005 Godard L, Moy C, Palicot J (Spring 2009) An executable meta-model of a hierarchical and distributed architecture management for the design of cognitive radio equipments. Annals of Telecommunications, Special issue on Cognitive Radio Google, Inc., Letter to the US FCC, 21 May 2007, Ex Parte via Electronic Filing, RE: Ex Parte Filing; Service Rules for the 690-746,747-762, and 777-792 MHz Bands (WC Docket No. 06-150; WC Docket No. 06-129; PS Docket No. 06-229; WT Docket No. 96-86) from the US FCC Web Site (www.fcc.org) Cantor Spectrum & Tower Exchange (www.cantor.com/sales_trading) Report and Order Facilitating Opportunities for Flexible, Efficient, and Reliable Spectrum Use Employing Cognitive Radio Technologies (Washington, DC: The Federal Communications Commission) March 11, 2005 Harada H (2005) “Software Defined Radio Prototype toward Cognitive Radio Communication Systems” Proc. IEEE DySPAN. IEEE Press, NY Harada H. Regulatory perspective of Japan. VCE Regulatory Workshop, London, UK Harada H (April 2007) “Advances in Flexible Radio Technology to Support Cognitive Radio” VCE International Research Workshop on Intelligent Spectrum Usage for Personal Communications. London, UK Webb W, Director, Ofcom, UK, keynote address at IEEE DySPAN 2007 and personal communication Nolan KE, Ambrose E, O’Mahony D. “Cognitive Radio: Value Creation And Value-Migration,” Proc. SDR Forum Technical Conference 2006 (www.sdrforum.org) http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/spectrum/ Ercole R (2005) “Innovation, spectrum regulation, and DySPAN technologies access to markets,” Proc IEEE DySPAN. IEEE Press, NY www.sdrforum.org Academic Challenge Mannion P. “Smart radios stretch spectrum” EE Times (12/05/2005 10:00 AM EST) Seelig F (April 2007) “A Description of the August 2006 XG Demonstrations at Fort A.P. Hill,” Proc. DySPAN 2007. IEEE Press, NY Perich F (April 2007) “Policy-based Network Management for NeXt Generation Spectrum Access Control” Proc. DySPAN 2007. IEEE Press, NY Mitola J III ( Jun 2000) Cognitive Radio: An Embedded Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio, Doctoral Thesis. Stockholm: KTH, The Royal Institute of Technology Haykin S (February 2005) “Cognitive Radio: Brain-empowered Wireless Communications” IEEE JSAC. IEEE Press, NY Yan Chen, Hui Huang, Zhaoyang Zhang, Vincent Lau and Peiliang Qiu, “Spectrum Access for Cognitive Radio Network Employing Rateless Code,” Proc. International Communications Conference (NY: IEEE) 2008 Nafkha A, Séguier R, Palicot J, Moy C, Delahaye J-P. “A Reconfigurable BaseBand Transmitter for Adaptive Image Coding” IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit’07 (Budapest, Hungary: European Community IST Program) 1-5 July 2007 Nilsson N (1980) Principles of artificial intelligence. Tioga, Palo Alto, CA Hui-Min Huang, “Toward a Generic Model for Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Systems (ALFUS)” Proc. Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS) 03 (Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology) Sep 2003 Liu G et al (2000) “On multi-agent collaborative planning and its application in RoboCup” Proc. 3rd World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE Press, NY Stone P (2005) Reinforcement Learning for RoboCup Soccer Keepaway, Sage Journals On line (www.adb.sagepub.com): International Society of Adaptive Behavior Caire G ([email protected]), Avalon.tilab.com, C:\cygwin\opt\jade-leap Bordini RH et al (2005) Multi-agent programming languages, platforms and applications. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Bruno Bougard, Lieven Hollevoet, Frederik Naessens, Thomas Schuster, Ching Ho (Anthony) Ng, and Liesbet Van der Perre, “A Low Power Signal Detection And Pre-Synchronization Engine For Energy-Aware Software Defined Radio,” (Leuven, Belgium: IMEC) in Proc. SDR Forum Technical Symposium 2006 (www.sdrforum.org) Mahonen P. formulated this concept at the Dagstuhl Workshop Kanter T (2001) “A Service Architecture, Test Bed and Application for Extensible and Adaptive Mobile Communication” PCC 01. IEEE Press, NY Proc. First Dagstuhl Workshop on Cognitive Radio (Dagstuhl, Germany) 2003 See Proc. IEEE DySPAN 2006, 2007, CROWNCom, and the cognitive radio JSAC Google Inc, 1001 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004, letter dated May 21,2007 to Marlene H. Dortch, Office of the Secretary, Federal Communications Commission, Re: MHz Bands (WC Docket No. 06-150; WC Docket No. 06-129; PS Docket No. 06-229; WT Docket No. 96-86) Fitzek F, Katz M. “Cooperation in Nature and Wireless Communications,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Fitzek F, Kyritsi P, Katz M. “Power Consumption and Spectrum Usage Paradigms in Cooperative Wireless Networks,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Olsen AB, Koch P. “Energy Aware Task Allocation in Cooperative Wireless Networks,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Chakrabarti A, Sabharwal A, Aazhang B. “Cooperative Communications,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Mähönen P, Petrova M, Riihijärvi J. “Cooperation in Ad-Hoc Networks,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Laneman JN. “Cooperative Diversity,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Cui S, Goldsmith AJ. “Cooperation Techniques in Cross-Layer Design,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Wrona K, Mähönen P. “Stability and Security in Wireless Cooperative Networks,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Mathur C, Subbalakshmi KP (2007) “Security Issues in Cognitive Radio Networks,” in Cognitive Networks. Wiley, NY Shin O-S et al. “Cooperation, Competition and Cognition in Wireless Networks” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Eggers P et al. “Cooperative Antenna Systems” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Masden T. “Cooperative Header Compression,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Lin JCH, Stefanov A. “Cooperative Coding and Its Application to OFDM Systems,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Takatori Y. “Cooperative Methods for Spatial Channel Control,” in Fitzek and Katz, Op. Cit. Mahmoud QH (ed) (2007) Cognitive networks. Wiley, NY Liebnitz K, Wakamiya N, Murata M. “Biologically Inspired Networking,” in Q. H. Mahmoud, Ibid. Strassner J. “The Role of Autonomic Networking in Cognitive Networks,” in Q. H. Mahmoud, Ibid. www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1772.txt IBM (2003) An Architectural Blueprint for Autonomic Computing, cited in Strassner, Op. Cit. Ginsberg A,Horne W, Poston J. “The Semantic Side of Cognitive Radio,” in Q. H. Mahmoud, Op. Cit. Kokar M et al (2006) “Roles of Ontologies in Cognitive Radios,” Cognitive Radio Technology. Elsevier Cummings M et al. “IEEE 802.21: The Leading Edge of a Larger Challenge” submitted to the IEEE Communications Magazine as of May 2008 Neel JO, Reed JH, Gilles RP (2004) “Convergence of Cognitive Radio Networks,” Proc. IEEE WCNC. IEEE Press, NY Reported on line in Communications Daily, December 11, 2007 Carenini G, Sharma R (2004) “Exploring more Realistic Evaluation Measures for Collaborative Filtering” Proc AAAI 04. American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Palo Alto, CA www.ontolog.cim3.net and the w3c semantic web home page García A-B et al (2004) “ATM Transport Between UMTS Base Stations And Controllers: Supporting Topology And Dimensioning Decisions” IEEE 0-7803-8523-3. IEEE Press, NY Bourse D et al (Nov 2007) “FP7 E3 Project Key Challenges” Proc. SDR Forum Technical Conference 2007. SDR Forum, Denver Zhong S (Nov 2007) Performance Evaluation of the Functional Description Language in a SDR Environment. Proc. SDR Forum Technical Conference 2007. SDR Forum, Denver Cite the paper in Q’s latest book on cognitive networks Meier RC (2003) US Patent 20030112767, Communication network providing wireless and hard-wired dynamic routing. US Patent Office, Washington, DC Bravo A (2004) “Advanced Positioning And Location Based Services In 4 g Mobile-Ip Radio Access Networks” PIMRC. IEEE Press, NY Bhatia N (2007) Policy Management in Context-Aware Networks, Master of Science Thesis. The Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm Hachemani R, Palicot J, Moy C. "A New Standard Recognition Sensor for Cognitive Radio Terminal" EUSIPCO’07, Poznan, Pologne, 3-7 septembre 2007 Cantor Telecom Revolutionizes Trading of Radio Frequencies with Launch of Cantor Spectrum & Tower Exchange (NY: Cantor Telcom) 20 Dec 2004 Capar F, Jondral F (September 2004) “Spectrum Pricing for Excess Bandwidth in Radio Networks” PIMRC. IEEE Press, NY Nolan K et al (April 2007) “Dynamic Spectrum Access and Coexistence Experiences Involving Two Independently Developed Cognitive Radio Testbeds” IEEE DySPAN. IEEE Press, NY Nolan K, personal communication, March 2008 Maldonado D et al (2005) “Cognitive Radio Applications to Dynamic Spectrum Allocation” Proc. DySPAN. IEEE Press, NY The SAFECOM Program, US Department of Homeland Security, “Statement of Requirements for Public Safety Wireless Communications and Interoperability,” Version 1.0. March 10, 2004 Li S (Nov 2007) “Contribution for IEEE 802.22 WRAN Systems: Sensing Scheme for DVB-T”. University of Electronic Science & Technology of China Jung S-G et al (June 2007) “Development of URC Testing & Certification System” Proc. Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation, 2007. CIRA 2007. International Symposium on Volume , Issue , 20-23. IEEE Press, NY OMG working group meeting, Tampa, FL, January, 2006: remarks of Dr. Tetsuo Kotoku, Senior Research Scientist, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) center, Intelligent Systems Research Institute, Task Intelligence Research Group, Ibanaki, Japan www.omg.org www.iscwest.com Cognitive Vision, AAAI Magazine (Menlo Park, CA: AAAI) Spring 2006 http://www.nedstat.co.uk/web/nedstatuk.nsf/pages/analytics_stream_sense www.agentvi.com/ http://developer.truveo.com/ Mitola J III (2007) Keynote address, CROWNCom 2007. IEEE Press, NY Cootes TF, Edwards GJ, Taylor CJ (1998) Active appearence models. Europeen Conference on Computer Vision TellMe® 800 Directory Assistance Dragon Systems Olsson JS. “Combining Evidence for Improved Speech Retrieval,” Doctoral Consortium: Proceedings of the Workshop, NAACL-HLT 2007 (Madison, WI: Omnipress Inc. for the National Science Foundation) 22 April 2007 Campbell J (September 1997) “Speaker Recognition: A Tutorial,” Proceedings of the IEEE. IEEE Press, NY Text Analytics: on the trail of business intelligence (www.kmworld.com) 1 Nov 2007 http://www-306.ibm.com/software/data/enterprise-search/omnifind-enterprise/uima.html, Jan 2008 Android - An Open Handset Alliance Project (www.code.google.com/android/) Shawar BA,Atwell E (April 2007) “Different measurements metrics to evaluate a chatbot system” Bridging the Gap: Academic and Industrial Research in Dialog Technologies Workshop Proceedings, AACL-HLT. Association for Computational Linguistics, Rochester, NY Stroessner J (2007) “Autonomic Networks,” Cooperation in Wireless Networks. Elsevier Cummings M et al (Nov 2007) “Commercial Wireless Metalanguage Scenario,” Proc. SDR Forum Technical Conference. SDR Forum, Denver, CO Gao Y (2007) Speech-to-Speech Translation, IBM User Interface Technologies, http://domino.watson.ibm.com Franz Och, Statistical Machine Translation (www.googleresearch.blogspot.com) 28 April 2006 Yongquan L (1990) “Current Natural Language Computing in China” Oxford Journals Literary and Linguistic Computing. llc.oxfordjournals.org Deschacht K, Moens M-F (Jun 2007) “Text Analysis for Automatic Image Annotation,” Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics. ACL, Prague, Czech Republic Gopal R (2007) “Model Based Framework For Implementing Situation Management Infrastructure” IEEE MILCOM. IEEE Press, NY Chrisler K (2005) “A User-Centered Approach to the Wireless World,” in Technologies for the Wireless Future, edited by Rahim Tafazolli. Wiley, NY Strassner, “IEEE P1900.5 Policy Language Backgrounder, part 1” (Motorola: Schaumberg, IL) March 08 Berleman L (2006) “Policy-based Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks,” ComNets-Workshop, Mobil- und Telekommunikation. Aachen, Germany Elnius D et al (2007) “CoRaL - Policy Language and Reasoning Techniques for Spectrum Policies” Proc. Policy 2007. IEEE Press, NY Boufidis Z et al. “Actors, Management Plane, And Policy Provision Challenges For End-To-End Reconfiguration,” E2R Workshop on Reconfigurable Mobile Systems and Networks Beyond 3G, (EC: Barcelona) 05.09.04 Kagal L,Berners-Lee T, Connolly D, Weitzner D (2008) “Promoting Interoperability between Heterogeneous Policy Domains” (NSF) Hondo M et al. Position Paper: Privacy Policies as a Component of Policy-enabled Governance (IBM) 12 Sep 2006 Gunter C. Ensuring Privacy Conformance in Inter-Domain Systems, W3C Workshop on Languages for Privacy Policy Negotiation and Semantics-Driven Enforcement, Sep 06 Guang Y. “A Novel Mobility Management Architecture Based on GLL in Configurable Networks” (E2R Workshop) 05.09.04 E2R-E3 Program Plan (Denver: SDR Forum) 2008 Mitola J. “Making Software Radios More Personal” Proc. IEEE MoMuC 99 Katz, Fitzek (2006) Cooperation in Wireless Networks. Springer, Berlin GEOPRIV, IETF RFC 4119 Dec 2005 Lakoff G (1987) Women, fire, and dangerous things. Prentice Hall Ziemke T et al (eds) (2007) Body, Language, Mind: Embodiment. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin Jackendoff R (1988) Semantic categories. MIT Press www.mobilevce.com Beach MA, Tan CM, Nix AR (2003) “Indoor Dynamic Double Directional Measurements”, International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications. Turin, Italy http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu Stine J (2007) “A Location-Based Method for Specifying RF Spectrum Rights” Proc. DySPAN. IEEE Press Gandhi S et al (2007) “A General Framework for Wireless Spectrum Auctions” DySPAN. IEEE Press, NY Sengupta S et al (2007) “An economic framework for spectrum allocation and service pricing with competitive wireless service providers” DySPAN. IEEE Press, NY Jones SD et al (2007) “Characterization of Spectrum Activities in the U.S. Public Safety Band for Opportunistic Spectrum Access” DySPAN. IEEE Press, NY Russell T (2006) Signaling system #7, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, NY Sexton M, Reid A (1992) Transmission Networking: Sonet and the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. Artech House Session Initiation Protocol, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 3261 [2] and SIP enumservice, RFC 3764, April 2004 Davies J (2003) Understanding IPv6. Microsoft Press, Redmond, WA Mitola J III (May 1999) “Software Radio Architecture: A Mathematical Perspective,” IEEE JSAC. IEEE, NY