Coastal morphological changes: Assessing long-term ecological transformations across the northern Bay of Bengal

Abdullah, 2019, Spatiotemporal dynamics of new land development in Bangladesh coast and its potential uses, Remote Sens. Appl.: Soc. Environ., 14, 191 Adnan, 2020, The effects of changing land use and flood hazard on poverty in coastal Bangladesh, Land Use Policy, 99, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104868 Al, 2018, Annual pattern of zooplankton communities and their environmental response in a subtropical maritime channel system in the northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, Acta Oceanolog. Sin., 37, 65, 10.1007/s13131-018-1184-6 Alam, 2013, A study of morphological changes in the coastal areas and offshore islands of Bangladesh using remote sensing, Am. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst., 2, 15 Anderson, 2012, Relationship between coastline changes and dynamics of coastal ecosystems of Tahkuna Peninsula, Estonia, 1 2012 2018 Bera, 2017, Dammar resin from the Eocene lignite of Bengal Basin, eastern India: terpenoid composition and botanical origin, Geobios, 50, 3, 10.1016/j.geobios.2016.12.002 Brammer, 2014, Bangladesh's dynamic coastal regions and sea-level rise, Clim. Risk Manag., 1, 51, 10.1016/j.crm.2013.10.001 Brown, 2015, Subsidence and human influences in mega deltas: the case of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna, Sci. Total Environ., 527, 362, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.124 Cao, 2020, Mapping changes in coastlines and tidal flats in developing islands using the full time series of landsat images, Remote Sens. Environ., 239, 10.1016/j.rse.2020.111665 Ceccato, 2002, Designing a spectral index to estimate vegetation water content from remote sensing data: part 1: theoretical approach, Remote Sens. Environ., 82, 188, 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00037-8 Ciavola, 2015, Vulnerability of Bangladesh coastline to inundation under cyclone activity: past records and DRR strategies at Sandwip Island, 45 Climate-Data.Org, 2019. Bhola Climate. Coleman, 2020, Sediment delivery to a tidal marsh platform is minimized by source decoupling and flux convergence, J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf., 125 Datta, 2012, Analysis of coastal land use/land cover changes in the Indian Sunderbans using remotely sensed data, Geo-spatial Inf. Sci., 15, 241, 10.1080/10095020.2012.714104 Donchyts, 2016, Earth's surface water change over the past 30 years, Nat. Clim. Chang., 6, 810, 10.1038/nclimate3111 Emran, 2016, Modeling spatio-temporal shoreline and areal dynamics of coastal island using geospatial technique, Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 2, 1 Gargiulo, 2020, Coastal areas and climate change: a decision support tool for implementing adaptation measures, Land Use Policy, 91, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104413 Ghosh, 2015, Monitoring the coastline change of Hatiya Island in Bangladesh using remote sensing techniques, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 101, 137, 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.12.009 Gorelick, 2017, Google Earth engine: planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone, Remote Sens. Environ., 202, 18, 10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031 Hagenaars, 2018, On the accuracy of automated shoreline detection derived from satellite imagery: a case study of the sand motor mega-scale nourishment, Coast. Eng., 133, 113, 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.12.011 Hansen, 2013, High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change, Science, 342, 850, 10.1126/science.1244693 Hay, 2013, Small island developing states: coastal systems, global change and sustainability, Sustain. Sci., 8, 309, 10.1007/s11625-013-0214-8 Hoque, 2018, Differential livelihood adaptation to social-ecological change in coastal Bangladesh, Reg. Environ. Change, 18, 451, 10.1007/s10113-017-1213-6 Huete, 1987, Suitability of spectral indices for evaluating vegetation characteristics on arid rangelands, Remote Sens. Environ., 23, 213, 10.1016/0034-4257(87)90038-1 Iftekhar, 2008, Perceptions of biodiversity, environmental services, and conservation of planted mangroves: a case study on Nijhum Dwip Island, Bangladesh, Wetlands Ecol. Manag., 16, 119, 10.1007/s11273-007-9060-8 2018 Islam, 2019 Jacobson, 2015, A novel approach to mapping land conversion using Google Earth with an application to East Africa, Environ. Model. Softw., 72, 1, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.06.011 Jakobsen, 2002, Residual flow in the Meghna Estuary on the coastline of Bangladesh, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 55, 587, 10.1006/ecss.2001.0929 Ji, 2011, On the terminology of the spectral vegetation index (NIR− SWIR)/(NIR+ SWIR), Int. J. Remote Sens., 32, 6901, 10.1080/01431161.2010.510811 Kaliraj, 2017, Coastal landuse and land cover change and transformations of Kanyakumari coast, India using remote sensing and GIS, Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Space Sci., 20, 169 Kench, 2018, Patterns of island change and persistence offer alternate adaptation pathways for atoll nations, Nat. Commun., 9, 1, 10.1038/s41467-018-02954-1 Khanal, 2020, A comparison of three temporal smoothing algorithms to improve land cover classification: a case study from NEPAL, Remote Sens., 12, 2888, 10.3390/rs12182888 Kidane, 2015, The effect of upstream land use practices on soil erosion and sedimentation in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia, Res. J. Agric. Environ. Manag., 4, 55 Klatzel, F., Murray, A., 2009. Local Responses to too Much and too Little Water in the Greater Himalayan Region. Łabuz, 2015, 381 Li, 2017, Remote sensing investigation of anthropogenic land cover expansion in the low-elevation coastal zone of Liaoning Province, China, Ocean Coast. Manag., 148, 245, 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.08.007 Midekisa, 2017, Mapping land cover change over continental Africa using Landsat and Google Earth Engine cloud computing, PLoS One, 12, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0184926 Mishra, 2019, Towards the assessment of sediment connectivity in a large Himalayan river basin, Sci. Total Environ., 661, 251, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.118 Murray, 2019, The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats, Nature, 565, 222, 10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 Naseer, 2004, Inventory of the Maldives’ coral reefs using morphometrics generated from Landsat ETM+ imagery, Coral Reefs, 23, 161, 10.1007/s00338-003-0366-6 Nienhuis, 2020, Global-scale human impact on delta morphology has led to net land area gain, Nature, 577, 514, 10.1038/s41586-019-1905-9 Otsu, 1979, A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., 9, 62, 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076 Otsu, N., 1980. An Automatic Threshold Selrction Method Based on Discriminant and Least Squares Criteria. Denki Tsuushin Gakkai Ronbunshi. Paul, 2017, Chapter four – coastal landform changes: coastal erosion, land accretion and subsidence, 121 Pekel, 2016, High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature, 540, 418, 10.1038/nature20584 Phongsapan, 2019, Operational flood risk index mapping for disaster risk reduction using Earth observations and cloud computing technologies: a case study on Myanmar, Front. Environ. Sci., 7, 191, 10.3389/fenvs.2019.00191 Rahman, 2018, Recent sediment flux to the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta system, Sci. Total Environ., 643, 1054, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.147 Reddy, 2004, Census of endemic flowering plants of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 28, 712 Reguero, 2015, Effects of climate change on exposure to coastal flooding in Latin America and the Caribbean, PLoS One, 10, 10.1371/journal.pone.0133409 Saah, 2019, Collect Earth: an online tool for systematic reference data collection in land cover and use applications, Environ. Model. Softw., 118, 166, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.05.004 Saah, 2020, Primitives as building blocks for constructing land cover maps, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 85, 10.1016/j.jag.2019.101979 Sarker, 2018, From science to action: exploring the potentials of Blue Economy for enhancing economic sustainability in Bangladesh, Ocean Coast. Manag., 157, 180, 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.001 Sarker, 2019, Zoning of marine protected areas for biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh through socio-spatial data, Ocean Coast. Manag., 173, 114, 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.002 Sharma, 2019, 1 Tamura, 2010, Monsoon-influenced variations in morphology and sediment of a mesotidal beach on the Mekong River delta coast, Geomorphology, 116, 11, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.10.003 Teka, 2020, Can integrated watershed management reduce soil erosion and improve livelihoods? A study from northern Ethiopia, Int. Soil Water Conserv. Res., 8, 266, 10.1016/j.iswcr.2020.06.007 Uddin, 2018, Assessment of land cover change and its impact on changes in soil erosion risk in Nepal, Sustainability, 10, 4715, 10.3390/su10124715 Uddin, 2015, The changing land cover and fragmenting forest on the Roof of the World: a case study in Nepal's Kailash Sacred Landscape, Landsc. Urban Plan., 141, 1, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.04.003 Uddin, 2019, Operational flood mapping using multi-temporal sentinel-1 SAR images: a case study from Bangladesh, Remote Sens., 11, 1581, 10.3390/rs11131581 Uddin, 2016, Estimation of soil erosion dynamics in the Koshi basin using GIS and remote sensing to assess priority areas for conservation, PLoS One, 11, 10.1371/journal.pone.0150494 UNEP, 2019. Sedimentation and Erosion. Vala, 2013, A review on Otsu image segmentation algorithm, Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Eng. Technol., 2, 387 Xie, 2019, Automatic land-cover mapping using landsat time-series data based on Google earth engine, Remote Sens., 11, 3023, 10.3390/rs11243023 Yu, 2010