Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with needs for care: an Arab experience with a sample of treated community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia

American Psychiatry Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV 1994 Arvidsson H (2001) Needs assessed by patients and staff in a Swedish sample of severely mentally ill subjects. Nord J Psychiatry 55:311–317 Bengtsson-Tops A, Hansson L (1999) Clinical and social needs of schizophrenic outpatients living in the community: the relationship between needs and subjective quality of life. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 34:513–518 Brewin CR, Wing JK, Mangen SP et al (1987) Principles and practice of measuring need in the long-term mentally ill: the MRC Needs for care assessment. Psychol Med 17:971–981 Cleary M, Hunt GE, Walter G, Freeman A (2006) The patient’s view of need and caregiving consequences: a cross-sectional study of inpatients with severe mental illness. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 13:506–514 de Weert-van Oene GH, Havenaar JM, Schrijvers AJ (2009) Self-assessment of need for help in patients undergoing psychiatric treatment. Psychiatry Res 167(3):221–230 El-Islam MF (1982) Rehabilitation of schizophrenics by the extended family. Acta Psychiatr Scand 65:112–119 El-Islam MF (1989) Collaboration with families for the rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients and the concept of expressed emotion. Acta Psychiatr Scand 79:303–307 Foldemo A, Bogren L (2002) Need assessment and quality of life in outpatients with schizophrenia: a 5-year follow-up study. Scand J Caring Sci 16:393–398 Freeman A, Malone J, Hunt GE (2004) A statewide survey of high-support services for people with chronic mental illness: assessment of needs for care, level of functioning and satisfaction. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 38:811–818 Gaite L, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Arrizabalaga AA, Schene A, Welcher B, Thornicroft G, Ruggeri M, Vazquez –Bourgon E, Retuerto MP, Leese M and the EPSILON study group (2000) Quality of life in schizophrenia: development, reliability and internal consistency of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile – European version. Br J Psychiatry 177(Suppl 39):s49–s54 Grinshpoon A, Ponizovsky AM (2008) The relationships between need profiles, clinical symptoms, functioning and the well-being of inpatients with severe mental disorders. J Eval Clin Pract 14:218–225 Hansson L, Vinding HR, Mackeprang T, Sourander A, Werdelin G, Bengtsson-Tops A, Bjarnason O, Dybbro J, Nilsson L, Sandlund M, Sørgaard K, Middelboe T (2001) Comparison of key worker and patient assessment of needs in schizophrenic patients living in the community: a Nordic multicentre study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 103:45–51 Hansson L, Sandlund M, Bengtsson-Tops A, Bjarnason O, Karlsson H, Mackeprang T, Merinder L, Nilsson L, Sørgaard K, Vinding H, Middelboe T (2003) The relationship of needs and quality of life in persons with schizophrenia living in the community. A Nordic multi-center study. Nord J Psychiatry 57:5–11 Hayward M, Slade M, Moran PA (2006) Personality disorders and unmet needs among psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr Serv 57:538–543 Jansson L, Wennström E, Wiesel FA (2005) The Need of Support and Service Questionnaire (NSSQ): a brief scale to assess needs in clients with long-term mental disabilities. Nord J Psychiatry 59:465–472 Joska JA, Flisher AJ (2007) Needs and services at an in-patient psychotherapy unit. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg) 10:149–2156 Junca A, Ustun TB, Early TS, Sartorious N (1993) The ICD-10 Symptom Checklist: a comparison to the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 28:239–242 Kulhara P, Avasthi A, Grover S, Sharan P, Sharma P, Malhotra S, Gill S (2010) Needs of Indian schizophrenia patients: an exploratory study from India. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 45:809–818 Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174 Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Salvi G, Bissoli S, Tansella M, Ruggeri M (2007) Predictors of changes in needs for care in patients receiving community psychiatric treatment: a 4-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 437:31–41 Leucht S, Kane JM, Kissling W, Hamann J, Etschel E, Engel R (2005) Clinical implications of brief psychiatric rating scale scores. Br J Psychiatry 187:366–371 Lukoff D, Neuchterlien K, Ventura J (1986) Manual for the expanded brief psychiatric rating scale. Schizophr Bull 13:261–276 Macpherson R, Varah M, Summerfield L, Foy C, Slade M (2003) Staff and patient assessments of need in an epidemiologically representative sample of patients with psychosis—staff and patient assessments of need. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 38:662–667 MacPherson R, Gregory N, Slade M, Foy C (2007) Factors associated with changing patient needs in an assertive outreach team. Int J Soc Psychiatry 53:389–396 McCann E (2010) The sexual and relationship needs of people who experience psychosis: quantitative findings of a UK study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 17(4):295–303 McCrone P, Leese M, Thornicroft G, Schene AH, Knudsen HC, Vázquez-Barquero JL, Lasalvia A, Padfield S, White IR, Griffiths G (2000) Reliability of the Camberwell assessment of need–European version. EPSILON Study 6. European psychiatric services: inputs linked to outcome domains and needs. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 39:s34–s40 McCrone P, Leese M, Thornicroft G, Schene A, Knudsen HC, Vázquez-Barquero JL, Tansella M, Becker T (2001) A comparison of needs of patients with schizophrenia in five European countries: the EPSILON Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 103:370–379 Meijer K, Schene A, Koeter M, Knudsen HC, Becker T, Thornicroft G, Vázquez-Barquero JL, Tansella M (2004) Needs for care of patients with schizophrenia and the consequences for their informal caregivers: results from the EPSILON multi centre study on schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:251–258 Middelboe T, Mackeprang T, Hansson L, Werdelin G, Karlsson H, Bjarnason O, Bengtsson-Tops A, Dybbro J, Nilsson LL, Sandlund M, Sörgaard KW (2001) The Nordic Study on schizophrenic patients living in the community. Subjective needs and perceived help. Eur Psychiatry 16:207–214 Ochoa S, Haro JM, Autonell J, Pendàs A, Teba F, Màrquez M, NEDES Group (2003) Met and unmet needs of schizophrenia patients in a Spanish sample. Schizophr Bull 29:201–210 Phelan M, Slade M, Thornicroft G, Dunn G, Holloway F, Wykes T, Strathdee G, Loftus L, McCrone P, Hayward P (1995) The camberwell assessment of need (CAN): the validity and reliability of an instrument to assess the needs of the seriously mentally ill. Br J Psychiatry 167:589–595 Rosales Varo C, Torres González F, Luna-Del-Castillo J, Baca Baldomero E, Martínez Montes G (2002) Assessment of needs in schizophrenia patients. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 30:182–188 Ruggeri M, Leese M, Slade M, Bonizzato P, Fontecedro L, Tansella M (2004) Demographic, clinical, social and service variables associated with higher needs for care in community psychiatric service patients. The South Verona outcome project 8. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:60–68 Tansella M (2010) Alternatives to standard acute in-patient care for people with mental disorders: from systematic description to evaluative research. Br J Psychiatry 197(Suppl 53):s1–s3 Trauer T, Tobias G (2004) The camberwell assessment of need and behaviour and symptom identification scale as routine outcome measures in a psychiatric disability rehabilitation and support service. Community Ment Health J 40:211–221 Wennström E, Sörbom D, Wiesel FA (2004) Factor structure in the camberwell assessment of need. Br J Psychiatry 185:505–510 Wiersma D (2006) Needs of people with severe mental illness. Acta Psychiatr Scand 113(Suppl. 429):115–119 Yeh HS, Luh RL, Liu HJ, Lee YC, Slade M (2006) Reliability of the Camberwell assessment of need (Chinese version) for patients with schizophrenia at a daycare center of Taiwan. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 41:75–80 Zahid MA, Ohaeri JU, Elshazli AS, Basiouny MA, Hamoda MA, Varghese R (2010) Correlates of quality of life in an Arab schizophrenia sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 45:875–887