Classification of epilepsies and seizures: historical perspective and future directions

Handbook of Clinical Neurology - Tập 107 - Trang 99-111 - 2012
Anne T. Berg1, J. Helen Cross2
1Epilepsy Center, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
2Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and National Centre for Young People with Epilepsy, London, UK

Tài liệu tham khảo

Badawy, 2009, The peri-ictal state: cortical excitability changes within 24h of a seizure, Brain, 132, 1013, 10.1093/brain/awp017 Barkovich, 2005, A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development, Neurology, 65, 1873, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000183747.05269.2d Berg, 2008, The natural history of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, Current Opin Neurol, 21, 173, 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f36ccd Berg, 2003, Of cabbages and kings: perspectives on classification from the field of systematics, Epilepsia, 44, 8, 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.09202_5.x Berg, 2006, Concepts in classification and their relevance to epilepsy, Epilepsy Res, 70, 11, 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.11.015 Berg, 1999, Classification of childhood epilepsy syndromes in newly diagnosed epilepsy: interrater agreement and reasons for disagreement, Epilepsia, 40, 439, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00738.x Berg, 2010, Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005–2009, Epilepsia, 51, 676, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x Berhardt, 2009, Longitudinal and cross sectional analysis of atrophy in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy, Neurology, 72, 1747, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345969.57574.f5 Blume, 2001, Glossary of descriptive terminology for ictal semiology. International League Against Epilepsy, Epilepsia, 42, 1212, 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.22001.x Callenbach, 1998, Familial occurrence of epilepsy in children with newly diagnosed multiple seizures: Dutch Study of Epilepsy in Childhood, Epilepsia, 39, 331, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01382.x Capovilla, 2009, Conceptual dichotomies in classifying epilepsies: partial versus generalized and idiopathic versus symptomatic (April 18–20th, 2008, Monreale, Italy), Epilepsia, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01950.x Chugani, 2010, Infantile spasms: who are the ideal surgical candidates?, Epilepsia, 51, 94, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02460.x Claes, 2001, De novo mutations in the sodium-channel gene SCN1A cause severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, Am J Hum Genet, 68, 1327, 10.1086/320609 Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy, 1981, Proposal for revised clinical and electrographic classification of epileptic seizures, Epilepsia, 22, 489, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1981.tb06159.x Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy, 1989, Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes, Epilepsia, 30, 389, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x Cross, 2006, Proposed criteria for referral and evaluation of children for epilepsy surgery: recommendations of the Subcommission for Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery, Epilepsia, 47, 953, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00569.x Dibbens, 2008, X-linked protocadherin 19 mutations cause female-limited epilepsy and cognitive impairment, Nat Genet, 40, 776, 10.1038/ng.149 Dulac, 2001, Epileptic encephalopathy, Epilepsia, 42, 23, 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.042suppl.3023.x Engel, 2001, A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification and Terminology, Epilepsia, 42, 796, 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.10401.x Engel, 2006, Report of the ILAE Classification Core Group, Epilepsia, 47, 1558, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00215.x Feero, 2010, Genomic medicine – an updated primer, N Engl J Med, 362, 2001, 10.1056/NEJMra0907175 Fisher, 2005, Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), Epilepsia, 46, 470, 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x Gaillard, 2009, Guidelines for imaging infants and children with recent-onset epilepsy, Epilepsia, 50, 2147, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02075.x Gastaut, 1969, Clinical and electroencephalographical classification of epileptic seizures, Epilepsia, 10, S2 Gastaut, 1969, Classification of the epilepsies. Proposal for an international classification, Epilepsia, 10, S14 Harkin, 2007, The spectrum of SCN1A-related infantile epileptic encephalopathies, Brain, 130, 843, 10.1093/brain/awm002 Hayden, 2010, Life is complicated, Nature, 464, 664, 10.1038/464664a Hermann, 2006, Cognitive prognosis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy, Ann Neurol, 60, 80, 10.1002/ana.20872 Hirtz, 2000, Evaluating a first nonfebrile seizure in children: an evidence-based practice parameter, Neurology, 55, 616, 10.1212/WNL.55.5.616 Hoda, 2008, Human nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: pharmacogenomic profiles of pathogenic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor B-subunit mutations outside the ion channel pore, Mol Pharmacol, 74, 379, 10.1124/mol.107.044545 Jackson, 2010, New anatomic MRI techniques, Epilepsia, 51, 80, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02455.x Jallon, 2001, Newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizures: presentation at diagnosis in CAROLE study, Epilepsia, 42, 464, 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.31400.x Jonas, 2005, Surgery for symptomatic infant-onset epileptic encephalopathy with and without infantile spasms, Neurology, 64, 746, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000151970.29205.70 Kanner, 2003, Depression in epilepsy: prevalence, clinical semiology, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment, Biol Psychiatry, 54, 388, 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00469-4 Kanner, 2008, Depression in epilepsy: a complex relation with unexpected consequences, Curr Opin Neurol, 21, 190, 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f4e978 Kimiskidis, 2009, Transcranial magnetic stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsies: rational and clinical experience, Eur Neurol, 63, 205, 10.1159/000282735 Klepper, 2007, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome – 2007 update, Dev Med Child Neurol, 49, 707, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00707.x Koster, 2008, The G53D mutation in Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) is associated with neonatal diabetes and motor dysfunction in adulthood that is improved with sulfonylurea therapy, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93, 1054, 10.1210/jc.2007-1826 Koster, 2008, DEND mutation in Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) reveals a flexible N-terminal region critical for ATP-sensing of the KATP channel, Biophys J, 95, 4689, 10.1529/biophysj.108.138685 Kwan, 2010, Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies, Epilepsia, 51, 1069, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x Lee, 2010, Resective pediatric epilepsy surgery in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Pediatrics, 125, e58, 10.1542/peds.2009-0566 Leen, 2010, Glucose transporter-1 deficiency syndrome: the expanding clinical and genetic spectrum of a treatable disorder, Brain, 133, 655, 10.1093/brain/awp336 Lerner, 2009, Assessment and surgical outcomes for mild type I and severe type II cortical dysplasia: a critical review and the UCLA experience, Epilepsia, 50, 1310, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01998.x Lin, 2009, Recurrent seizures induce a reversible impairment in a spatial hidden goal task, Hippocampus, 19, 817, 10.1002/hipo.20565 Madan, 2009, New directions in clinical imaging of cortical dysplasias, Epilepsia, 50, 9, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02292.x Merlis, 1970, Proposal for an international classification of the epilepsies, Epilepsia, 11, 114, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1970.tb03873.x National Association of Epilepsy Centers, 2001, Guidelines for essential services, personnel, and facilities in specialized epilepsy centers in the United States, Epilepsia, 42, 804, 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.08701.x National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2004, The Epilepsies: Diagnosis and Management of the Epilepsies in Children and Young People in Primary and Secondary Care, 20 Panayiotopoulos, 2007, The birth and evolution of the concept of Panayiotopoulos syndrome, Epilepsia, 48, 1041, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.01092.x Panayiotopoulos, 2008, Typical absence seizures and related epileptic syndromes: assessment of current state and directions for future research, Epilepsia, 49, 2131, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01777.x Roulet-Perez, 2008, Glut-1 deficiency syndrome masquerading as idiopathic generalized epilepsy, Epilepsia, 49, 1955, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01654.x Saitsu, 2008, De novo mutations in the gene encoding STXBP1 (MUNC18-1) cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, Nat Genet, 40, 782, 10.1038/ng.150 Sakurai, 2010, Generalized spike–wave discharges involve a default mode network in patients with juvenile absence epilepsy: a MEG study, Epilepsy Res, 89, 176, 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.12.004 Scheffer, 2008, Epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females: an under-recognized disorder, Brain, 131, 918, 10.1093/brain/awm338 Spencer, 2002, Neural networks in human epilepsy: evidence of and implications for treatment, Epilepsia, 43, 219, 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.26901.x Stefan, 2009, Network characteristics of idiopathic generalized epilepsies in combined MEG/EEG, Epilepsy Res, 85, 187, 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.03.015 Steinlein, 1995, A missense mutation in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit is associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, Nat Genet, 11, 201, 10.1038/ng1095-201 Steinlein, 1997, An insertion mutation of the CHRNA4 gene in a family with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, Hum Mol Genet, 6, 943, 10.1093/hmg/6.6.943 Sugawara, 2002, Frequent mutations of SCN1A in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy, Neurology, 58, 1122, 10.1212/WNL.58.7.1122 Suls, 2008, Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia and epilepsy is due to mutations in SLC2A1, encoding the glucose transporter GLUT1, Brain, 131, 1831, 10.1093/brain/awn113 Suls, 2009, Early-onset absence epilepsy caused by mutations in the glucose transporter GLUT1, Ann Neurol, 66, 415, 10.1002/ana.21724 Talos, 2008, Cell-specific alterations of glutamate receptor expression in tuberous sclerosis complex cortical tubers, Ann Neurol, 63, 454, 10.1002/ana.21342 Vahedi, 2009, Elicited repetitive daily blindness: a new phenotype associated with hemiplegic migraine and SCN1A mutations, Neurology, 72, 1178, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345393.53132.8c van Luijtelaar, 2006, Global and focal aspects of absence epilepsy: the contribution of genetic models, Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 30, 983, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.03.002 Venter, 2001, The sequence of the human genome, Science, 291, 1304, 10.1126/science.1058040 Vulliemoz, 2010, The combination of EEG source imaging and EEG-correlated functional MRI to map epileptic networks, Epilepsia, 51, 491, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02342.x Wheless, 2005, Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: expert opinion, 2005, J Child Neurol, 20, S1, 10.1177/088307380502000101 Wheless, 2007, Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: European expert opinion, 2007, Epileptic Disord, 9, 353 Wong, 2010, Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition as a potential antiepileptogenic therapy: from tuberous sclerosis to common acquired epilepsies, Epilepsia, 51, 27, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02341.x York, 2009, Hughlings Jackson's suggestion for the treatment of epilepsy, Neurology, 73, 1155, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bacec7